基于"3414"肥效试验设计的水稻氮磷钾肥效及土壤养分响应研究OA

To explore the optimal application rates and ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers and their effects on rice in Central Jilin Province,Hongji No.6 was taken as the experimental object,field experiment was conducted using the"3414"fertilizer efficiency design.The experiment included 3 factors(N,P,K),4 levels(0,1,2,3;level 0 represented a no-fertilization control,the application rates at level 2 were 180 kg/hm2 for N,60 kg/hm2 for P2O5,and 90 kg/hm2 for K2O,the application rates for level 1 and level 3 were set at 0.5 times and 1.5 times those of level 2,respectively.),and 14 treatments.Agronomic traits including plant height and effective panicle number,as well as soil nutrient indices such as soil pH and organic matter content,were determined for each treatment.The results showed that all treatments,the hill density ranged from 9.3 to 17.3 hills per square meter,and the plant height ranged from 0.922 to 1.099 m;treatment 7(N2P3K2)achieved the highest effective panicle number(31.3 panicles per hill)and 1 000-grain weight(24.8 g);treatment 10(N2P2K3)produced the maximum number of grains per panicle(190.7 grains);and treatment 6(N2P2K2)yielded the highest rice grain production(614.2 kg/667 m2).In terms of soil properties,treatment 11(N3P2K2)had the highest soil available nitrogen content;treatment 9(N2P2K1)had the highest available phosphorus content;treatment 10 had the highest available potassium content;treatment 13(N1P2K1)had the lowest soil pH;and treatment 6 had the highest soil organic matter content.Overall,N,P,and K fertilizers exhibited different effects on rice growth:phosphorus fertilizer was beneficial for increasing effective panicle number and improving 1 000-grain weight,while potassium fertilizer had a prominent promoting effect on the number of grains per panicle.Among all treatments,treatment 6(N2P2K2)was identified as the optimal fertilizer ratio for the study area,which could not only increase rice yield but also improve soil organic matter content,thus achieving the synergistic improvement of high yield and soil fertility.