烟台地区献血者ABO与Rh血型抗原表型分布及群体遗传频率研究OA

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of ABO and Rh blood group antigen phenotypes a-mong blood donors in the Yantai,Shandong.Methods Blood samples from 310 180 voluntary blood donors in Yantai col-lected from January 2019 to December 2023 were tested for ABO and Rh blood group antigens using standard serological methods.RhD-negative samples were further typed for C,c,E,and e antigens.Population genetic analysis of blood groups was performed:allele frequencies were inferred from ABO phenotypes,and Rh allele/haplotype frequencies were estimated based on the proportion of RhD-negative donors and CcEe antigen typing,followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing.Results The phenotypic distribution frequency of ABO blood groups was B(32.72%)>O(28.93%)>A(27.65%)>AB(10.70%).The inferred allele frequencies were r(53.74%)>q(24.78%)>p(21.48%),consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05).A total of 1 872 Rh-negative donors(0.603%)were identified.The most common Rh phenotypes were ccdee(59.56%)and Ccdee(30.18%).The distribution of Rh antigen phenotypes deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(χ2=37.15,P<0.001),with the cde haplotype showing the highest frequency.There was no statisti-cally significant difference in ABO blood group distribution between RhD-positive and RhD-negative donors(P>0.05).Conclusion The ABO blood group distribution among voluntary blood donors in Yantai is generally stable and consistent with population genetic equilibrium,whereas the Rh antigen phenotype distribution deviates from equilibrium,indicating po-tential underlying genetic structural differences.