以交通事故场景和伤害引导汽车安全测评和设计OA
Vehicle Safety Assessment and Design Through Analysis of Traffic Accidents and Injuries
中国汽车产业已经成为国民经济支柱产业,安全是新能源智能汽车的生命线.提升汽车安全,需要汽车研发人员和测评方案制定者对道路交通事故特点、伤害成因及防护技术有正确的认知,也需要消费者加强道路交通安全意识并了解必要的安全知识.汽车市场和行业在过去20年里的飞速发展为安全技术的提升奠定了关键的需求基础,但发展过程中凸显的问题也表明,行业在技术积累、从业人员经验和正确的汽车消费观念培育等方面仍亟待强化.汽车先发国家通过事故分析驱动提升道路交通安全性,通过测评驱动提升汽车产品安全技术.中国作为汽车后发市场,基于先发国家的经验积累,结合自身乘用车产品新市场的特点以及对现代汽车安全技术的认知,一方面亟需健全现阶段的安全设计环节,另一方面也需预判新能源智能汽车普及后潜在的安全风险,提前布局安全技术研发工作,待新产品市场渗透率提升、相应交通事故伤害增多时,企业能具备正确的安全应对策略和充足的安全兜底技术储备.针对近年来安全技术研发速度滞后于中国汽车市场产品创新速度的问题,探讨了当前汽车安全测评中尚未虑及的重要问题,梳理了从业人员和大众消费者对汽车安全设计的几个认知误区,并提出通过融合主动安全和被动安全技术来补齐自动驾驶汽车的安全短板,使新产品更好地适配中国工况与危险场景.面向中国汽车产业快速发展的契机,提出汽车厂商应从商业维度理解"汽车安全是底线",充分认识到安全在汽车设计中的底线地位,同时建议业界共同努力,把安全、节能和环保要求与新能源智能汽车技术发展统一起来,引导新能源智能汽车使用场景向安全和节能方向发展,使大众形成正确的消费观念,从而以高质量的汽车安全,更好地发挥汽车在大众交通出行中的社会和经济价值.
China's automotive industry is a pillar of the national economy,and road traffic safety is a critical requirement for intelligent new energy vehicles.Improving vehicle safety requires automotive engineers and regulators to possess a correct understanding of road traffic accident characteristics,injury mechanisms,and protection technologies.It also requires consumers to enhance their road-safety awareness and acquire essential safety knowledge.Over the past two decades,the rapid development of China's automotive market and industry has laid a solid foundation for progress in safety technology.However,emerging issues indicate an urgent need to strengthen technological accumulation,professional expertise,and the cultivation of a mature consumer mindset regarding vehicle safety.In mature vehicle markets,road safety improvements are driven by accident analysis,while vehicle safety technology is advanced through assessment programs.As a latecomer in both vehicle use and vehicle manufacturing,China can learn from foreign experience and integrate it with the characteristics of its own market.On one hand,the industry should improve current safety-design practice as fast as possible.And meanwhile,by predicting potential safety risks associated with intelligent new energy vehicles,it can develop the relevant safety technologies in advance.Thus,when the market share of new-energy products rises and the associated crash injuries increases,manufacturers will already possess appropriate response strategies and sufficient technology reserves.Regarding the gap between the rapid arrival of many new vehicle products in China and the relatively slow progress in safety technologies,this article discusses several important issues that the current safety assessment programs have not fully addressed.It also identifies some misconceptions about safety design held by some company leaders and engineers,as well as misunderstandings among consumers regarding vehicle safety and use.Furthermore,this article explains how integrating active and passive safety technologies can bridge the safety gap in autonomous vehicles and enable new products to better adapt to traffic scenarios and crash patterns in China.Seizing the opportunities brought by the rapid development of China's automotive industry and market,manufacturers need to understand,from a commercial perspective,that vehicle safety is the bottom line and fully recognize its foundational role in automotive design.Meanwhile,this article calls for industry-wide efforts to align safety,energy efficiency and environmental requirements with the technological development of intelligent new-energy vehicles,to guide vehicle-use scenarios toward safer and more efficient directions,and to foster correct consumer perceptions.Thereby,through high-quality automotive safety,the social and economic value of public mobility and road traffic can be better realized.
周青
清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京 100084
交通工程
道路交通安全宽工况安全保护汽车安全测评主动与被动安全一体化汽车轻量化动力电池碰撞安全
road traffic safetywide-range safety protectionvehicle safety assessmentintegrated active and passive safetyvehicle lightweightingbattery crash safety
《汽车工程学报》 2026 (1)
1-19,19
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