现代集约化农业如何利用物种多样性OA

Species coexistence is a fundamental paradigm for the survival of organisms in nature.Throughout the long development of agriculture,humans have utilized the wisdom of species coexistence to establish agricultural systems that leverage biodiversity,such as intercropping,rice-fish coculture,and agroforestry systems.The rice-fish coculture system,which involves cultivating cyprin-id fish in the shallow-water environments of paddy fields,has a long history and is widely distributed in southern China.It has been designated as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)or a China-Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS)by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China.In this paper,we first briefly describe the ecosystem functioning and ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the rice-fish coculture.Then,we discuss how to design and manage modern eco-intensive agricultural systems based on the effects of species coexistence in the context of modem intensive agriculture.On one hand,from the perspective of functional trait compatibility between the two species,there is a need to breed varieties suited for coexistence and capable of generating"cooper-ative effects".Therefore,a large-scale artificial intelligence model dedicated to species coexistence mechanisms is required to sup-port biodiversity utilization.On the other hand,research should focus on developing key technologies for synergistic cocultures or mixtures based on artificial intelligence.