OCT及OCTA在糖尿病视神经病变的研究进展OA

Diabetic optic neuropathy(DON)is a common yet frequently overlooked complication of diabetes mellitus(DM),characterized by an insidious onset,nonspecific clinical manifestations,and frequent co-occurrence with diabetic retinopathy(DR),which often leads to delayed diagnosis and irreversible optic nerve damage.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)provide non-invasive,high-resolution imaging of the retinal layers,choroid,and optic nerve head,enabling detailed visualization of structural and microvascular changes in DON.This review summarizes recent advances in the application of OCT/OCTA for evaluating peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,ganglion cell complex(GCC)integrity and vessel density(VD)in DON,highlighting that microvascular impairment may precede measurable structural loss.Furthermore,the potential of OCT/OCTA in disease staging,treatment monitoring,and its integration with artificial intelligence(AI)for early screening and risk prediction is discussed.By combining structural and hemodynamic metrics,OCT/OCTA holds promise for improving early detection,risk stratification,and precision management of DON,thereby helping to preserve visual function in affected patients.