饮用水中全氟和多氟烷基物质的污染特征及管控OA

[Objective]Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are extensively utilized in industrial products and daily consumer goods,emerging as persistent organic pollutants of global concern.Their frequent detection in environmental water bodies poses significant risks,as ingestion through drinking water constitutes a primary exposure pathway for humans.Investigating the occurrence characteristics of PFASs in drinking water is critical for pollution prevention and control.[Methods]This paper systematically reviews the classification of PFASs,including traditional PFASs such as perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluorosulfonic acids(PFSAs),as well as emerging categories of novel PFASs.Pollution sources in drinking water are examined through dual lenses of direct emission and indirect migration pathways.A comparative analysis of PFASs profiles and distribution patterns in drinking water systems is conducted at home and abroad,accompanied by an inventory of existing regulatory standards for PFASs.[Results]While novel PFASs constitute a smaller fraction of detected contaminants compared to PFCAs and PFSAs,their diversity is rising steadily.Emerging compounds such as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(HFPO-DA),hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid(HFPO-TA),6∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid(FTS),and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid(Cl-PFESA)are increasingly reported.[Conclusion]Limited values for PFASs in drinking water standards at home and abroad are becoming increasingly strict,down to the level of nanograms per liter.Implementation of these stringent limits have exposed PFASs contamination exceeding permissible concentrations in certain regions,challenging water treatment systems.Multi-faceted approachs including pollution source control,drinking water treatment technologies improvement,and health risk assessments are needed to guarantee public drinking water safety.