多元制度情境下拔尖创新人才培养机制的类型学比较OA

Mechanisms for cultivating top innovative talents reflect the institutional structures and strategic orientations of specific nations.This study employs a qualitative meta-analysis to integrate 78 global cases,constructing a two-dimensional "schema-resource" analytical framework.It identifies four typical mechanisms:the"elite incubation type"with abundant schema and resources,the"innovation-driven type"with scarce schema but abundant resources,the"state-directed type"with abundant schema but scarce resources,and the"foundation cultivation type"with scarce schema and resources.The study reveals the institutional differences and operational logics of these four models in terms of selection,organization,cultivation,resources and synergy.The formation of national cultivation models exhibits significant path dependency,reflecting institutional choices made under the tension between global competition and domestic demands.Nevertheless,these four mechanisms possess not only structural stability but also an embedded logic of dynamic evolution.The synergistic change of schema and resources constitutes the key driving force for their model transformation.China should adopt a differentiated strategy based on regional endowments to establish an internal diverse and mutually supportive talent cultivation system.