2024/25年榨季极端干旱对广西糖料蔗生产的影响OA

To assess the impact of extreme drought on sugarcane production in Guangxi and provide scientific guidance for regional drought prevention and mitigation,this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of sugarcane production conditions during the 2024/25 crushing season based on large-scale surveys,data collection,and field investigations.The field survey results indicated that multiple production problems occurred under prolonged drought conditions.First,hollow sugarcane stalks and shriveled upper buds were commonly observed.Second,the lower nodes of many lodged sugarcane stalks were forced into the soil due to early typhoons in August,which increased mechanical harvesting losses.Third,the severe soil cracking that occurred limited the plowing depth to approximately 5 cm,more than doubling the breakage rate of farm implements compared to previous years.Fourth,additional costs of 4 500～7 500 yuan/hm2 were incurred in sugarcane fields due to irrigation after planting.Fifth,seedling emergence was particularly low values in sugarcane cultivated in autumn,winter,or early spring,resulting in record-high areas of replanting.The survey data indicated that the growth of sugarcane in Guangxi in 2025 had significantly weakened compared to 2024.For newly planted sugarcane,the seedling emergence rate decreased in 79.17%of counties,and the plant height decreased in 91.67%of counties.Meanwhile,the dead heart seedling rate increased in 37.50%of counties and the smut-infected plant rate rose in 54.16%of counties,though the overall rates of both dead heart seedlings and smut remained lower than those of ratoon sugarcane.In ratoon sugarcane,plant height generally declined,and smut incidence increased in 41.68%of counties,and dead heart seedling rates sharply increased in several areas.Compared to ratoon sugarcane,newly planted sugarcane showed lower rates of smut disease and dead heart seedlings.Regional differences in damage were pronounced,with Liujiang,Xiangzhou,and Wuxuan being the least affected,while Lingshan,Luocheng,and Ningming were the most severely affected.Drought reduced the average sugarcane yield in Guangxi from 70.50 t/hm2 to 63.75 t/hm2,and the total sugarcane crushing volume decreased from 53.6 million tons to 48.6 million tons.The extreme drought during the 2024/25 crushing season in Guangxi exerted a comprehensive impact on sugarcane production,revealing significant differences in its effects between newly planted and ratoon sugarcane,as well as across various regions,thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted drought mitigation strategies.