高倍率储铵负极材料研究进展OA

Ammonium-ion batteries and capacitors(AIBs),as aqueous non-metallic-ion energy storage technologies with high safety,show strong potential for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems.Ammonium ions possess a flexible tetrahedral structure and a hydrogen-bond-mediated charge-transfer mechanism.Their relatively small hydrated ionic radius(0.331 nm)and high ionic conductivity collectively enable superior rate capabilities.Although the development of AiBs has progressed rapidly,the limited variety and insufficient electrochemical performance of available anode materials remain major constraints.A systematic review of recent work on ammonium-ion storage anode materials is therefore essential to address the capacity and rate capability limitations of AiBs.This paper first introduces ammonium-ion transport and storage mechanisms,along with their key distinctions from metal ions,and further discusses kinetic mechanisms and evaluation methodologies.Recent progress on anode materials,including MXenes,transition-metal sulfides,transition-metal oxides,organic conjugated molecules,porous organic polymers,and polyimides,is then summarized,highlighting structural characteristics,performance comparisons,ammonium-ion storage mechanisms,and enhancement strategies.Finally,major challenges and future research directions in this emerging field are outlined.This review aims to support the continued development and practical application of ammonium-ion storage materials and devices.