全钒液流电池三维结构电极研究进展OA

Electrodes are the core components of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFB),serving as sites for the redox reactions of vanadium ions in electrolytes.An ideal VRFB electrode must simultaneously possess good mechanical and chemical stability,high electrical conductivity,large specific surface area,and excellent mass transport characteristics.However,traditional two-dimensional electrode materials often struggle to meet these requirements concurrently.By leveraging their designable pore channels and enlarged active interfaces,three-dimensional(3D)structured electrodes provide an effective pathway to meet these requirements by enabling the synergistic enhancement of electrochemical reaction kinetics,optimization of mass transport pathways,and expansion of active sites.This review surveys the application and research progress of 3D-structured electrode technology in enhancing VRFB performance,focusing on their design strategies,fabrication methods,and structure-performance relationships of foam-based,biomass-derived,and electrospinning-derived 3D electrodes,along with an analysis of the interface construction mechanisms of metal-based,carbon-based,and composite 3D electrocatalysts.This aims to deepen the understanding of the"hierarchical structure-function synergy"principle in 3D electrodes,ultimately guiding the design of superior electrode materials to improve the energy efficiency and cycle life of VRFBs,reduce their production costs,and advance their industrial development.