极端天气条件下山洪灾害演变特征及对策措施OA

Against the backdrop of intensifying global warming,extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent,intense,and widespread.As a result,flash flood disasters in China have shown a trend of remarkable enhancement in suddenness,extremeness,and destructiveness,posing a severe threat to people's lives and property safety.Therefore,flash flood disasters have become the top priority,key challenge,focal concern,and critical focus in current flood and drought prevention efforts.Based on the review and analysis of 12 typical flash flood,debris flow,and landslide disasters across China in 2025,this study systematically analyzes the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of flash flood disasters in extreme weather conditions.Flash flood disasters currently exhibit such typical characteristics as northward and westward expansion,concentrated occurrence during the main flood seasons,a high occurrence at night,a high proportion of mobile and vulnerable groups in the affected population,and intensified cascading compound superposition effects.The core reasons are listed as follows.Firstly,the northward shift of rain belts,coupled with underlying surface conditions,drives the northward and westward expansion of the disasters.Secondly,the severity and frequency of extreme weather events exacerbate disaster-causing risks.Thirdly,rapid urbanization and development activities in mountainous areas result in prominent vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies.In view of the shortcomings in flash flood disaster prevention in extreme weather conditions,this paper proposes systematic prevention thoughts and countermeasures from four aspects:establishing a full-chain prevention system that integrates monitoring,forecasting,early warning,simulation,and emergency planning,improving the engineering system for the systematic governance of flash flood gullies in small watersheds,enhancing the building of the whole society's disaster prevention resilience,and deepening research on disaster mechanisms in the context of climate change.This study aims to provide a scientific reference for improving the ability of preventing flash flood disasters under new circumstances.