可逆热致变色纤维的制备方法及应用进展OA

Reversible thermochromic fibers,as a type of smart material,are capable of dynamically changing colors in response to temperature variations,demonstrating unique application value across multiple fields.In the realm of smart clothing and fashion design,by leveraging their thermochromic properties,apparel that changes color with ambient temperature can be developed,enhancing both wearing comfort and aesthetic appeal.In the area of health monitoring and human thermal management,thermochromic fibers can be utilized to create temperature-monitoring clothing,enabling real-time monitoring and feedback of the human body's temperature.Additionally,in the field of building energy conservation,these fibers can be applied to fabrics such as curtains,adjusting indoor light and temperature through color changes to achieve energy-saving goals.In environmental monitoring and information transmission,thermochromic fibers can be employed to fabricate dynamically displaying fabrics,enabling the visual transmission of information. Currently,the preparation methods for thermochromic fibers mainly include electrospinning,melt spinning and wet spinning.Electrospinning technology forms nanofibers from polymer solutions through a high-voltage electric field,offering advantages such as controllable fiber diameter and a large specific surface area.However,it suffers from issues like low production efficiency and insufficient mechanical strength of the resulting fibers.The melt spinning method involves heating and melting polymers,followed by extrusion and shaping,making it suitable for large-scale production of thermoplastic polymers.Nevertheless,it has high requirements on the thermal stability of thermochromic materials.The wet spinning process forms fibers by extruding polymer solutions into a coagulation bath,which is applicable to thermally sensitive color-changing materials and facilitates functional modifications.However,thermochromic fibers still face challenges regarding stability,production costs and functional singularity.Existing materials may experience performance degradation after multiple uses,affecting their service life.Moreover,limited market awareness and lagging material development further constrain their growth potential. Future research should focus on three key areas.Firstly,in terms of material innovation,efforts should be directed towards developing organic-inorganic hybrid systems by combining the high color-changing sensitivity of organic materials with the weather resistance of inorganic materials.Secondly,at the level of process upgrading,the utilization of 3D printing direct-write technology can achieve high-precision temperature resolution.By integrating this with spinning processes,nanocomposite fibers can be prepared to balance mechanical strength with light transmittance regulation.Thirdly,in the direction of functional integration,the construction of a light-heat-humidity multimodal responsive system should be pursued,along with the development of self-powered smart textiles.These should be integrated with artificial intelligence algorithms to improve the accuracy of health monitoring and recognition.With the maturation of continuous microcapsule encapsulation production lines and flexible electronic technology,thermochromic fibers are poised to transcend their current application boundaries,forming an integrated smart material ecological network that combines"sensing-feedback-intervention".This will further promote their application in high-value-added fields such as thermal management coatings for aerospace,intelligent light-adjusting curtain walls for buildings,and wearable health monitoring systems,and bring greater convenience and innovation to people's lives.