超构吸声材料在轨道交通隧道中的低频降噪性能分析OA
Analysis of Low-Frequency Noise Reduction Performance of Metamaterials in Rail Transit Tunnels
城市轨道交通隧道运行环境中,传统降噪吸声板主要面对中高频段噪声进行噪声吸收,难以同时有效覆盖低频段噪声.针对轨道交通隧道内低频段噪声处理需求,设计低频段内具备优异吸声性能的超构吸声组件.基于嵌入管式亥姆霍兹共振器(HREA)吸声原理设计超构吸声单元,利用超构吸声单元结构优化数学模型,正向开发具备低频优异吸声性能的多级并联式超构吸声组件,并经吸声性能有限元仿真计算和实验验证.为分析超构吸声组件在隧道声场中的降噪效果,建立车体-轮轨-隧道空间耦合声学边界元(BEM)模型,将超构吸声组件阻抗数据附于轨道板模型表面表征其吸声性能,对比分析超构吸声组件嵌入轨道板前后隧道内声场分布特性,包括转向架截面和乘客舱截面声压级分布云图与两截面声压级最大值变化曲线.结果表明,超构吸声组件平均吸声系数仿真值为 0.91,阻抗管测试值为 0.88;嵌入超构吸声组件阻抗后,隧道内在 100～500 Hz低频段内 6 个频率点均表现出有效降噪效果,车体中部区域最大声压级平均降低 13.2 dB,声压级降幅最大值达到 26.3 dB,转向架区域最大声压级平均降低 6.7 dB,降幅最大值达到 14.7 dB,在轨道交通隧道内具备低频段噪声吸收能力.提出的超构吸声组件及其在隧道内降噪分析方法,可为解决轨道交通隧道内低频噪声问题提供工程化应用开发基础.
In the urban rail transit tunnel environments,traditional noise-reduction and sound-absorbing panels primarily absorb mid-to high-frequency noise,making it difficult to effectively cover low-frequency noise simultaneously.A metamaterial sound-absorbing component with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance was designed to meet the low-frequency noise control requirements in rail transit tunnels.Based on the sound absorption principle of the Helmholtz resonator with embedded apertures(HREA),a metamaterial sound-absorbing unit was designed.Using the mathematical model for optimizing the metamaterial unit structure,a multi-stage parallel metamaterial sound-absorbing component with excellent low-frequency performance was developed.Finite element simulations and experimental tests were conducted to evaluate its sound absorption performance.To analyze the noise reduction effect of the metamaterial component in the tunnel sound field,a coupled acoustic boundary element model(BEM)of the vehicle-body,wheel-rail,and tunnel was established.The impedance data of the metamaterial component were applied to the track plate model surface to characterize its sound absorption performance.A comparative analysis of the sound field distribution inside the tunnel was conducted before and after embedding the metamaterial component,including sound pressure level distribution cloud maps at the bogie and passenger compartment sections,as well as the maximum sound pressure level variation curves for both sections.The results showed that the average sound absorption coefficient from was 0.91,and that from impedance tube testing was 0.88.After applying the metamaterial impedance,effective noise reduction was observed at all six frequency points in the 100～500 Hz low-frequency range inside the tunnel.The maximum sound pressure level in the middle vehicle area decreased by an average of 13.2 dB,with a maximum reduction of 26.3 dB.The maximum sound pressure level in the bogie area decreased by an average of 6.7 dB,with a maximum reduction of 14.7 dB.The component demonstrates the ability to absorb low-frequency noise in rail transit tunnels.The proposed metamaterial sound-absorbing component and its noise reduction analysis method provide a foundation for engineering applications aimed at solving low-frequency noise problems in rail transit tunnels.
刘艳;谢文韬;周国建;李秋彤
上海材料研究所有限公司上海市工程材料应用与评价重点实验室,上海 200437||上海材料研究所有限公司上海消能减震工程技术研究中心,上海 200437上海材料研究所有限公司上海市工程材料应用与评价重点实验室,上海 200437上海材料研究所有限公司上海市工程材料应用与评价重点实验室,上海 200437||上海材料研究所有限公司上海消能减震工程技术研究中心,上海 200437上海材料研究所有限公司上海市工程材料应用与评价重点实验室,上海 200437||上海材料研究所有限公司上海消能减震工程技术研究中心,上海 200437
交通工程
轨道交通隧道噪声声学超构材料低频降噪超构吸声材料
rail transittunnel noiseacoustic metamateriallow-frequency noise reductionsound-absorbing metamaterial
《铁道标准设计》 2026 (1)
170-178,9
上海张江国家自主创新示范区专项发展资金项目(ZJ2021-ZD-006)
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