功利而非美德:韩非对儒家仁义观的批判与重构OA

The term"Ren and Yi"(仁义)has both a general and a specific meaning.The discussions on this term by various philosophers during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods(770-476 B.C.)differ,yet all encompass the realm of both personal and political ethics.Han Fei's utilitarian view of Ren and Yi contrasts with the Confucian view of virtuous Ren and Yi.This paper aims to highlight the new connotations and standards of"Ren and Yi"proposed by Han Fei(韩非),which distinguish them from those of Confucianism and Mohism.Exploring Han Fei's view of Ren and Yi helps to further clarify the non-moralistic tendencies within his ethical thought.Han Fei's concept of Ren and Yi can be analyzed in two aspects.On one hand,Yi is the adaptation to the changing circumstances of what is appropriate,while Ren is the self-interested love for things;on the other hand,Ren and Yi are utilitarian,based on human nature's pursuit of self-interest,using legalistic methods and focusing on private gains,unlike the Confucian view which is based on virtuous emotions,uses rites and music education,and emphasizes the cultivation and practice of personal character.Both the utilitarian and virtuous views of Ren and Yi have their value,and contemporary governance can draw on and integrate both approaches.