从传统杂交到智能设计:中国甘蔗育种的路径演进与技术革新OA

This paper systematically reviews the technological evolution of sugarcane breeding in China from traditional hybridization to intelligent design,revealing its innovation logic driven by industrial demands such as high yield,high sugar content,stress tolerance,and mechanical adaptability.Traditional hybridization breeding has cultivated iconic varieties like the"Yuetang"and"Guitang"series through the"five-stage selection breeding procedure"and core parent strategies,yet its limitations—including prolonged breeding cycles(10-15 years)and low genetic improvement efficiency—have become increasingly apparent.Molecular marker-assisted breeding,space mutagenesis,and transgenic technologies have significantly shortened breeding cycles and overcome genetic diversity bottlenecks by creating novel germplasms.In the intelligent design phase,multi-omics integration has elucidated the sugar-stress resistance metabolic network,CRISPR gene editing enables targeted trait improvement,and artificial intelligence models achieve precise phenotypic prediction.However,challenges persist,including insufficient genetic analysis of complex traits,narrow germplasm resources,and delayed technology translation.The study proposes a"dual-track parallel strategy"to optimize traditional breeding processes while integrating intelligent technologies,alongside recommendations for interdisciplinary collaboration,germplasm repository upgrading,and policy support to promote sustainable industry development.In the future,sugarcane breeding will leverage multi-omics,gene editing,and artificial intelligence to advance into a"predictable,designable,and customizable"era.