象牙塔尖的生存困境:博士生工作时间投入与焦虑的全球图景OA

"The survival dilemma of the ivory spire"is a realistic issue that urgently needs to be responded to in the development of doctoral education.Based on the data of doctoral students in the Nature's global graduate student survey,an in-depth analysis was conducted on the problems of doctoral students' working time investment and anxiety.The study shows that doctoral students worldwide generally work more than 40 hours per week.Although most of them are not overworked,more than half of them have anxiety problems.The proportion of overwork and anxiety among doctoral students in China and India is relatively high.Most doctoral students in China are in an extremely fatigued state,and the problem of anxiety has not received effective assistance.From the perspective of typology,there are four types of doctoral students:"overworked and depressed"type,"overworked but not depressed"type,"not overworked but depressed"type,and"neither overworked nor depressed"type.The majority of doctoral students worldwide are of the"overworked but not depressed"type.Doctoral students in Germany,the United Kingdom and France are mainly of the"neither overworked nor depressed"type,those in the United States are mainly of the"overworked but not depressed"type,and those in China and India are mainly of the"overworked and depressed"type.The phenomenon of extreme differentiation among Chinese doctoral students is obvious.The proportion of the"overworked and depressed"type is the highest among all countries,while the proportion of the"neither overworked nor depressed"type is the lowest among all countries.Working time investment does not directly lead to anxiety.Perception of work-life balance,relationship support and emotional support can prevent anxiety.For non-overworked doctoral students,academic interests can prevent anxiety,but career support can lead to anxiety.For overworked doctoral students,ability levels can lead to anxiety.Based on the anxiety spectrum analysis,the anxiety of doctoral students is not caused by insufficient individual stress resistance ability.Instead,it is more the result of the combined effect of structural imbalance in the academic labor market,the lack of academic career security,and social and economic pressure.The cultivation mechanism for doctoral students should be optimized to alleviate institutional pressures.A mental health support system should be established,with supervisors taking greater responsibility.The layout and structure of degree programs should be improved to broaden career prospects for doctoral students.