巴彦淖尔市生态系统服务权衡协同关系及尺度效应OA

Revealing the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services and the effects of spatial scale is an important prerequisite for enhancing ecosystem services and improving management decisions.In this study,Bayannur City was selected for research and,by integrating remote sensing and meteorological da-ta,we established a material quantity assessment model for the four key ecosystem services provided to Bayannur City:windbreak and sand fixation,soil conservation,food supply,and water conservation.Spa-tial autocorrelation was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution and the effects of measurement scale on trade-offs and synergistic relationships among ecosystem services at three spatial scales:30 m grid,1 000 m grid,and township.Results show:(1)Ecosystem services in Bayannur City presented obvi-ous spatial differences according to land use type,topography,terrain and climate.High value ecosystem services were located primarily in areas with high vegetation cover,high altitude,high precipitation and low evaporation.(2)A synergistic relationship in ecosystem services existed between food supply and windbreak and sand fixation services,as well as between soil conservation and water conservation servic-es.The former was primarily distributed in areas of cultivated land,while the latter was primarily distrib-uted in forest-grasslands and the Yinshan Mountain.Trade-offs were observed among the other four pairs of services,predominantly in cultivated land,forest-grasslands,and the Yinshan Mountain.(3)There were notable scale effects in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in Bayannur City.Both global and local trade-off and synergistic relationships were similar across different grid scales with slight varia-tions in intensity,while changes in the direction of manifestation were observed between the grid and township scales.