4D打印技术在骨组织工程中的研究进展OA

The repair of bone defects is heavily influenced by the dynamic osteogenic microenvironment.Static scaf-folds constructed by traditional 3D printing technology cannot simulate the dynamic nature of the microenvironment dur-ing bone defect repair due to the fixed structure,uncontrollable release of active factors,and difficult regeneration of blood vessels,among other factors.Breaking through the limitations of these static scaffolds and realizing the intelligent and dynamic regulation of the osteogenic microenvironment is a key scientific issue in the field of bone tissue engineer-ing.4D printing technology combines the dynamic responsiveness of bone restoration materials with the concept of intel-ligent design to regulate the micro and macro structure of scaffolds.This technology provides a new method for bone tis-sue engineering by responding to endogenous and exogenous stimuli and creating a better osteogenic microenvironment through functionalized design,including drug delivery and antibacterial function.However,this technology currently suffers from challenges related to dynamic response material design,insufficient precision of printing technology,and mismatches between multi-stimulus response systems,metabolic rhythms of bone tissue,and functionalized composite scaffolds.Future research should focus on the development of smart response materials with excellent dynamic re-sponses and bioactivity,the creation of new printing technologies,and the design of personalized and precise bone re-pair solutions.The aim of this paper is to review the current research status of 4D printing for bone tissue engineering in terms of material types,response mechanisms,and applications to provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of functional bone repair materials in the future.