国际中等职业教育发展现状、实施特征与未来趋势OA

Driven by a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,secondary vocational education has become a crucial link connecting the education system and the labor market,with its reform and development elevated to national strategies in many countries.Taking nine countries as research subjects,based on OECD reports and policy documents from various countries,the paper systematically compares and analyzes the current development status,implementation characteristics and future trends of secondary vocational education.The study finds that all countries have established the strategic position of secondary vocational education through top-level design,forming three types of orientations;the development scale exhibits a differentiated and stable student allocation structure;the timing of student allocation and the design of schooling systems fall into two categories;the schooling models encompass dual-driven models by schools and enterprises and school-based dominant models,while funding inputs correspond to three mechanisms:shared responsibility,national welfare and strategy-driven.In terms of implementation characteristics,curriculum and teaching have formed diverse models such as work-study alternation and modularization;teacher development emphasizes the"double-qualified"standard that combines industry experience with pedagogical methods;assessment and certification are differentiated into summative evaluation,formative evaluation and hybrid paradigms;an overpass for lifelong learning through vertical integration and horizontal connection is built.International secondary vocational education is presenting three major development trends:evolving towards an open and integrated lifelong learning system,deeply integrating digital and green skills into teaching,and moving towards agile response and intelligent governance.