早稻不同移栽方式综合效益研究OA
Study on the comprehensive benefits of transplanting methods for early rice
我国水稻机械化种植主要有毯状苗移栽(机插秧)、钵苗移栽(抛秧、摆栽)等方式.钵苗移栽具有植伤轻、返青快等优势,同时也存在育秧难度大、辅助用工多、生产投入成本高等问题.为验证水稻钵苗移栽技术增产潜力,农业农村部农业机械化总站在广西兴安开展机插秧、有序抛秧、钵苗摆栽等不同水稻种植技术模式对比试验.试验结果显示,我国水稻有序抛秧机已基本成熟,有序抛秧作业方式伤秧率较低,能为水稻生长抢出 3～5 天的生长时间;有序抛秧较机插秧平均增产772.8 kg/hm2,增长约 13.6%;平均增收 830.8 元/hm2,增长约 15.2%.通过结果分析,提出加快机具性能优化升级、强化有序抛秧技术集成配套、探索轻简化育秧技术集成、持续开展田间试验评估的意见建议,因地制宜推广有序抛秧技术.
Blanket seedling transplanting and bowl seedling transplanting are the dominating modes of mechanized rice planting in China.The benefits of bowl seedling transplanting are lower plant injury and fast rejuvenation;however the drawbacks are complexity of breeding,more labor cost and production cost.In order to verify the production and income growth potential of bowl seedling transplanting,comparative tests were carried out in Xing'an county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,by China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair to assess the technology of conventional machine transplanting,machine broadcasting seedling,and bowl seedling transplanting.The experiments indicated that seedling broadcasting machine is technologically mature.the average yield and income by machine broadcasting seedling increased by 772.8 kg/hm2 and 830.8 yuan/hm2,with increase rates of 13.6%and 15.2%respectively,and lower injury rate of seedling saved 3-5 days for rice growth.It is suggested that machine broadcasting seedling can be promoted adapted to local conditions by updating machinery performance,strengthening technology integration,exploring light and simplified cultivation techniques,and persistent assessment of field experiments.
Ma Lingjuan;Wang Yunhong;Nong Juan;Song Jiannong;Cheng Xiaolei;Tang Qingrong;Wang Chao;Liu Xiaowei
China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,ChinaChina Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,ChinaThe Agricultural Mechanization Service Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning,530022,ChinaChina Agricultural University,Beijing,100083,ChinaChina Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,ChinaThe Agricultural Mechanization Service Center of Xing'an,Guilin,541300,ChinaChina Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,ChinaChina Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,China
农业科技
水稻机插秧机抛秧钵苗摆栽对比试验
ricemachine transplantingmachine broadcasting seedlingbowl seedlings plantingcomparative tests
《中国农机化学报》 2026 (2)
1-5,5
农业关键核心技术攻关项目(NK202216040602)
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