Comprehensive review of the pharmacological potential of Passiflora incarnata L.:neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activitiesOA

Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.