复杂言语加工任务中无关言语效应的元分析OA

A great number of studies have reported the existence of the Irrelevant Speech Effect(ISE)in simple language processing tasks.However,it is unclear whether ISE persists in more complex language processing tasks.Specifically,questions about the magnitude of ISE,its underlying mechanisms(i.e.,the source and pathway of interference),and possible moderator variables remain unanswered.Using a random-effects model,this study conducted a meta-analysis of 30 studies(113 independent effect sizes)selected according to its search criteria.The results indicated that irrelevant speech significantly interfered with individuals'performance in complex language processing tasks,with a relatively small total effect size after the exclusion of outliers.The impact of irrelevant speech on task performance was moderated by age,speech characteristics(intelligibility,volume,predictability and the type of unintelligible speech),and task features(type).Additionally,irrelevant speech intelligibility interacted with age,task type,the linguistic unit of the task,and the writing system of the task language,respectively.The semantic interference hypothesis was found to be more robustly supported than the phonological interference hypothesis by this meta-analysis,and the process-interference hypothesis was supported as a convincing account of the nature of ISE.Future studies can explore additional potential moderator variables of ISE in complex language processing tasks,thereby informing how modern educational technologies(e.g.,audio and video materials)can be applied to language learning.This study provides insights for designing and optimizing learning environments to reduce background noise interference for language learners.Additionally,the results provide theoretical guidance and support for the development of more effective interventions and treatments for individuals with cognitive impairments.