基于气力振动采摘长绒棉的辅助振动装置设计与试验OA
Design and Test of Auxiliary Vibration Device Based on Pneumatic Vibration Picking Sea Island Cotton
为解决长绒棉机械化采摘难题,基于长绒棉的气力采摘方法设计了一种曲柄滑块式辅助振动结构,通过振动棉株减弱和破坏籽棉与铃壳之间的结合力来提高气力采摘长绒棉的采摘效率.建立了长绒棉曲柄滑块振动模型,得到了长绒棉-曲柄滑块振动微分方程;建立了籽棉运动的单摆模型,并对受到振动后的籽棉进行了受力分析,表明振动作用能降低籽棉与铃壳之间的结合力;完成对长绒棉植株的形态测定与材料参数确定后,基于SolidWorks建立了三维模型,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对长绒棉植株进行模态分析,得到了长绒棉植株的固有振动特性;搭建了振动响应试验平台,对长绒棉植株进行扫频和正弦激振试验,验证与仿真结果一致,确定了长绒棉的最佳激振频率;对辅助振动结构进行了动力学分析,并试制了辅助振动模块.对长绒棉植株进行振动试验,结果表明:长绒棉植株前二十阶固有频率为 6.13～81.18 Hz,最佳激振频率为28 Hz,辅助振动装置的最大曲柄力矩为4.47 N·m,振杆工作行程最大加速度为691 m/s2,振动装置能有效脱落籽棉.研究结果为气力振动采摘长绒棉的研发提供了参考.
In order to solve the problem of mechanized picking of sea island cotton,a crank slider auxiliary vibration structure was designed based on the pneumatic picking method of sea island cotton.The picking efficiency of pneumatic picking of sea island cotton was improved by weakening and destroying the binding force between seed cotton and boll shell by vibrating cotton plant.The vibration model of sea island cotton crank slider was established,and the vibration differen-tial equation of sea island cotton-crank slider was obtained.The single pendulum model of seed cotton movement was es-tablished,and the force analysis of seed cotton after vibration was carried out.The results showed that the vibration could reduce the binding force between seed cotton and boll shell.After the morphological measurement and material parameters determination of sea island cotton plants,a three-dimensional model was established based on SolidWorks.The modal a-nalysis of sea island cotton plants was carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS,and the natural vi-bration characteristics of sea island cotton plants were obtained.The vibration response test platform was built,and the sweep frequency and sinusoidal excitation tests were carried out on the sea island cotton plants.The verification was con-sistent with the simulation results,and the optimal excitation frequency of the sea island cotton was determined.The dy-namic analysis of the auxiliary vibration structure was carried out,and the auxiliary vibration module was trial-produced.The vibration test of the sea island cotton plant was carried ou,and the results showed that the first 20 natural frequencies of the sea island cotton plant were 6.13-81.18 Hz,and the optimal excitation frequency was 28 Hz.The maximum crank torque of the auxiliary vibration device was 4.47 Nm,and the maximum acceleration of the vibrating rod working stroke was 691 m/s2.The vibration device could effectively shed seed cotton.The research results provided a reference for the research and development of pneumatic vibration picking sea island cotton.
马怡翔;胡国玉;张伟杰;林哲;古丽巴哈尔·托乎提
新疆大学 机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830017新疆大学 机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830017新疆大学 机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830017新疆大学 机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830017新疆大学 机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830017
农业科技
长绒棉采摘振动辅助气力振动仿真分析
sea island cotton pickingvibration assistancepneumatic vibrationsimulation analysis
《农机化研究》 2026 (2)
28-38,11
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2023D01C15)国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(12162031)
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