生境适宜性评价能够从宏观角度探索物种适合生存的空间和生境质量,判断影响物种分布的环境因子、预测适宜栖息地对于有效保护物种和管理栖息地至关重要.狍(Capreolus pygargus)是草食反刍动物,研究狍的生境适宜性,不仅有利于了解和保护这一物种,也有助于探索同域分布动物的潜在种群情况.本研究于2018年、2022年、2023年,在燕山山脉东段通过红外相机记录到114个狍的有效位点数据,利用MaxEnt模型对该地区狍的生境进行了适宜性分析.结果表明,该物种的适宜生境总面积约为8 523 km2,占研究区总面积的14.59％.其中,高适宜生境占1.83％,主要分布于中东部;中适宜生境和低适宜生境分别占3.78％和9.00％,主要位于高适宜生境的周边区域.气温年较差、最热月最高温、植被类型是影响燕山山脉东段狍生境适宜性的主要环境变量,相对而言,最湿月降水量、海拔的影响较小.狍在燕山山脉东段偏好选择气温年较差为39.4～44.0 ℃,最热月最高温22.7～27.7 ℃,最湿月降水量超过155.8 mm,海拔775.7 m左右的环境,温带常见的植被类型如阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛等对于狍都是适宜的.本研究明确了狍适宜生境在燕山山脉东段的分布状况及关键环境影响因子,填补了该地区野生狍生境研究的空白,为下一步制定动物保护和生境管理提供理论依据.
Habitat suitability assessment can explore the suitable space and habitat quality for species from a macro per-spective.Assessing the environmental factors affecting species distribution and predicting suitable habitats are crucial for effective species conservation and habitat management.Understanding the habitat suitability of Capreolus pygargus is not only beneficial to the understanding and conservation of this species,but also helpful to explore the potential popu-lation of sympatric animals.In this study,114 valid sites of Capreolus pygargus were recorded by infrared camera meth-od in the eastern Yanshan Mountains in 2018,2022 and 2023,and the habitat suitability of this species in the area was evaluated using MaxEnt model.The results showed that the total suitable habitat area of this species was 8 523 km2,ac-counting for 14.59％of the total study area.Highly suitable habitats accounted for 1.83％,mainly distributed in the cen-tral and eastern parts of the country.Medium suitable and low suitable habitats accounted for 3.78％and 9.00％,respec-tively,and were mainly located in the surrounding area of high suitable habitats.Temperature annual range,maximum temperature of warmest month and vegetation type were the main environmental variables affecting the habitat suitability of Capreolus pygargus in the eastern Yanshan Mountains,while precipitation of the wettest month and altitude had rela-tively little effect.Capreolus pygargus preferred environments with temperature annual range between 39.4-44.0 ℃,maximum temperature of warmest month between 22.7 ° C and 27.7 ℃,precipitation in the wettest month exceeds 155.8 mm,and about 775.7 m above sea level in the eastern Yanshan Mountains.Common vegetation types in temper-ate zones such as broadleaved forest,coniferous forest,and shrubland were suitable for Capreolus pygargus.This study clarified the distribution and key environmental influencing factors of suitable habitat for Capreolus pygargus in the east-ern Yanshan Mountains,filled the gap in the study of the habitat of wild Capreolus pygargus in this area,and provided a theoretical basis for animal protection and habitat management in the future.
黄莘钧;莫志民;李明慧;张雷;万冬梅;蒋一婷
辽宁大学生命科学院,沈阳 110036
生物学
狍;生境适宜性;最大熵模型;环境因子;燕山山脉
Capreolus pygargus;Habitat suitability;MaxEnt;Environmental variable;Yanshan Mountains range
《兽类学报》 2024 (004)
478-488 / 11
国家自然科学基金(31872231);辽宁省林业和草原局委托项目(2021-12-01)
10.16829/j.slxb.150835
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