为探究梅花鹿华东亚种(华南梅花鹿Cervus nippon kopschi)与同域分布有蹄类动物的日活动节律,及其在时间生态位上的分化,于2014年12月-2016年11月,在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区千顷塘区域采用1km×1km网格布设51台红外相机,对华南梅花鹿与其同域分布的有蹄类动物进行监测.通过核密度估计法对华南梅花鹿与同域分布的有蹄类的日活动节律、日活动节律季节性差异和重叠进行了分析.共收集到华南梅花鹿、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)4种有蹄类动物照片数据,其中小麂的相对多度指数最高(30.43),其次是华南梅花鹿(8.83)和野猪(7.47),中华鬣羚最低(0.02);除中华鬣羚外,华南梅花鹿与同域分布的小麂和野猪在日活动节律上表现出一致性,日活动曲线均呈双峰型,为典型的晨昏性动物;三者的日活动节律曲线差异显著,具有明显的日活动节律分化;华南梅花鹿与同域分布小麂和野猪的日活动节律存在季节性变化,春季,华南梅花鹿日活动节律相对平缓,小麂(05:00-07:00和17:00-19:00)和野猪(11:00-13:00和16:00-18:00)存在2个活动高峰,三者的日活动节律存在显著性差异;夏季,华南梅花鹿、小麂和野猪均存在2个活动高峰,华南梅花鹿与小麂(Δ=0.819 4;P＜0.001)、小麂与野猪(Δ=0.821 2;P＜0.001)之间的日活动节律差异显著,存在一定的分化;秋季和冬季,三者的日活动节律存在2个活动高峰,但相互之间无显著性差异.华南梅花鹿与同域分布有蹄类动物的日活动节律存在相对分化,季节性日活动节律受物种生理特点、食物利用及栖息环境的影响而变化.本研究可为华南梅花鹿与同域分布有蹄类动物的共存机制提供理论基础.
To explore the daily activity rhythm of Cervus nippon kopschi with its sympatric ungulate,and its temporal niche differentiation,we set 51 infrared cameras in Qianqingtang region of the Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve and conducted monitoring from December 2014 to November 2016.We analyzed the seasonal differences and overlaps of daily activity rhythms by using the Kernel Density Estimation and Overlap index calculation.Four species of ungulates were recorded in the study area,which were the Cervus nippon kopschi,Muntiacus reevesi,Sus scrofa and Capricornis milneedwardsii.Muntiacus reevesi exhibited the highest relative abundance index(30.43),followed by Cer-vus nippon kopschi(8.83),Sus scrofa(7.47),and Capricornis milneedwardsii(0.02).Cervus nippon kopschi,Muntia-cus reevesi and Sus scrofa tend to have more similar daily activity rhythms,with the highest activity during dawn and dusk.However,when evaluating daily activity rhythm curves,we detected significant differences among those three spe-cies.The daily activity rhythm of Cervus nippon kopschi and sympatric ungulates varied across seasons.In spring,the daily activity patterns of Cervus nippon kopschi were relatively uniform,while Muntiacus reevesi(05:00-07:00,17:00-19:00)and Sus scrofa(11:00-13:00,16:00-18:00)displayed two clear peaks.In summer,there were two activity peaks for Cervus nippon kopschi,Muntiacus reevesi,and Sus scrofa,with significant differences in the daily activity rhythm between the Cervus nippon kopschi and Muntiacus reevesi(Δ=0.819 4;P＜0.001),as well as between Muntia-cus reevesi and Sus scrofa(Δ=0.821 2;P＜0.001).In autumn and winter,two activity peaks were observed for Cervus nippon kopschi,Muntiacus reevesi,and Sus scrofa,but with no significant differences.The differentiation in daily activi-ty rhythm of Cervus nippon kopschi and sympatric ungulates might be due to the species'physiological characteristics,diets,and habitat changes.Our study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the coexistence mechanism of sym-patric ungulates.
郭瑞;童跟平;郑南忠;马天午;许丽娟;王旭池;徐爱春
浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区管理局,杭州 311321南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023中国计量大学生命科学学院,杭州 310018
生物学
红外相机;华南梅花鹿;有蹄类;活动节律;时间生态位
Infrared camera;Cervus nippon kopschi;Ungulate;Activity rhythm;Temporal niche
《兽类学报》 2024 (004)
456-465 / 10
浙江省林业专项项目——华南梅花鹿抢救保护项目
10.16829/j.slxb.150843
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