[目的]白芷留种繁育生产中缺乏施肥技术,造成白芷种子产量低,质量不稳定.为此,研究了用于白芷良种繁育及种子高效生产的施肥技术体系.[方法]以白芷品种'川芷 2 号'为试验材料,于 2021-2022 年采用"3414"不完全正交回归设计,在四川省成都市进行了田间试验.试验三因素为氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)肥,分别设 4 个施肥水平,共 14 个处理.于白芷收获期,测定种子产量、千粒重、长度、宽度、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和生活力;利用灰色关联度分析法,对各施肥处理下的白芷种子产量和质量进行综合评价;通过肥效模型拟合得出氮、磷和钾肥的推荐施肥量.[结果]当N、P2O5 和K2O用量分别为180.6、306.5 和 149.8 kg/hm2(N2P2K2)时,白芷种子产量、千粒重、长度、宽度、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,与不施肥(N0P0K0)相比分别提高了 83.3%、27.3%、16.4%、18.9%、23.3 个百分点、16.7 个百分点、24.0 个百分点和 28.2%.灰色关联度分析表明,白芷种子产量对种子生活力的影响最大,其次是发芽率、发芽势、千粒重.N2P2K2 处理的加权关联度和等权关联度系数均最高,分别为 0.825 和 0.824;其次是N1P2K1 处理(N 90.3、P2O5 306.5、K2O 74.9 kg/hm2),分别为 0.745 和 0.751.在施肥区间内,白芷种子产量均随氮、磷和钾肥任一单种肥料施用量的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势,均在N2P2K2 处理下达到最大值;氮、磷和钾肥对白芷种子产量存在明显的互作效应,N2P2K2 处理下的施肥水平有利于提升氮、磷、钾的肥效.由拟合白芷种子产量的三元二次肥料效应方程可得出,当N、P2O5 和K2O养分用量分别为 177.0、274.6 和 133.7 kg/hm2 时,白芷种子产量最高,为 1766.6 kg/hm2.[结论]适宜的氮、磷、钾肥配施显著提高白芷种子产量和质量,氮肥(N)、磷肥(P2O5)和钾肥(K2O)最优推荐施肥量分别为 177.0、274.6 和 133.7 kg/hm2,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶1.55∶0.75.
[Objectives]The lack of systematic fertilization research has led to low seed yield and unstable quality in the seed production of Angelica dahurica var.formosana.Therefore,we investigated the effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5),and potassium fertilizer(K2O)amounts and ratios on seed yield and quality,aiming to establish a suitable fertilization technology for efficient and high-quality seed production.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,using the variety"Chuanzhi 2"A.dahurica var.formosana as the experimental material.A"3414"incomplete orthogonal regression design was employed,with four fertilization levels of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,resulting in a total of 14 treatments.During the harvest period,we measured the seed yield,1000-grain-weight,seed morphologyical and germination indices.[Results]There was a significant interactive effect among the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on the seed yield of A.dahurica var.formosana.Treatment N2P2K2(N180.6 kg/hm2,P2O5 306.5 kg/hm2,and K2O 149.8 kg/hm2)was recorded the highest seed yield,1000-grain-weight,seed length,seed width,vitality,germination rate,germination potential,and germination index,and the increment relative to no fertilization treatment N0P0K0 were 83.3%,27.3%,16.4%,18.9%,23.3 percent points,16.7 percent points,24.0 percent points,and 28.2%,respectively.The grey correlation analysis result showed that the effect of seed yield ranked the highest on seed vitality,followed by germination rate,germination potential,and 1000-grain-weight.The highest weighted correlation coefficient(0.825)and the equal weight correlation coefficient(0.824)were thereby appeared in N2P2K2 treatment,and the second high values(0.745 and 0.751)were in treatment N1P2K1(N 90.3 kg/hm2,P2O5 306.5 kg/hm2,and K2O 74.9 kg/hm2).Within the fertilization ranges,the seed yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of any N,P2O5,or K2O levels,and reached maximum in N2P2K2 treatment.According to the fitted ternary quadratic fertilizer effect equation,the highest seed yield of A.dahurica var.formosana(1766.6 kg/hm2)was obtained with nitrogen fertilizer(N),phosphorus fertilizer(P2O5),and potassium fertilizer(K2O)of 177.0,274.6,and 133.7 kg/hm2,respectively.[Conclusions]Appropriate combination of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers can significantly improve the yield and quality of A.dahurica var.formosana seeds.The recommended fertilization rates are N 177.0,P2O5 274.6 and K2O 133.7 kg/hm2,and the suitable N:P2O5:K2O ratio is 1∶1.55∶0.75.
刘仁浪;刘思琴;张宇柔;冯冬菊;侯凯;吴卫
四川农业大学农学院,四川成都 611100
白芷;氮磷钾肥;种子产量;种子质量;最优施肥量
Angelica dahuricavar.formosana;nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;seed yield;seed quality;optimum fertilizer rate
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (004)
812-823 / 12
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0012);四川省中医药重点学科建设项目(2021-16-4);四川农业大学学科建设双支计划—学科创新团队项目(P202108).
10.11674/zwyf.2023537
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