[目的]探究不同马铃薯品种对NaHCO3 胁迫的响应机制,为选育耐碱性较强的马铃薯品种提供理论依据.[方法]以V7、后旗红、克新 1 号、兴佳 2 号、荷兰 15 号、康尼贝克 6 个品种马铃薯为研究对象,以 1/2霍格兰(Hoagland)营养液为母液进行了水培试验.营养液设置 6 个NaHCO3 浓度,分别为 0、10、20、30、40、50 mmol/L,选择出苗后 7 天的马铃薯幼苗,缓苗 3 天后进行碱胁迫处理.胁迫处理 7 天后,调查马铃薯幼苗株高、茎粗、主根长,分析叶片含氮量和叶绿素相对含量,分析根系脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等 11 项生理指标.[结果]随着碱胁迫浓度的增加,各品种马铃薯幼苗生长受到不同程度的影响,在碱浓度 30、40、50 mmol/L胁迫处理下,V7 根长较 0 mmol/L处理分别增加了 54.37%、46.04%、25.58%,其余 5 个品种根长均显著低于 0 mmol/L.50 mmol/L胁迫处理下,各品种株高、茎粗均显著低于碱浓度 0 mmol/L处理.各品种叶片含氮量、叶绿素相对含量随胁迫浓度增加呈现不同的变化趋势,V7、后旗红、克新 1 号叶片含氮量均在 40 mmol/L处理下达到峰值,兴佳 2 号叶绿素相对含量在 50 mmol/L处理下达到峰值,而荷兰 15 号、康尼贝克叶片含氮量、叶绿素相对含量均在 50mmol/L处理达到最小值.各品种幼苗根系活力呈先增后降的趋势,碱浓度 40 mmol/L胁迫处理下,V7、后旗红根系活力显著高于 0 mmol/L,而荷兰 15 号的降幅达 80%以上.各品种幼苗根系中丙二醛含量随胁迫程度加剧而增加,但V7 的丙二醛含量始终低于其他品种.各品种幼苗根系CAT活性、SOD活性均呈先升后降变化趋势,其中V7、后旗红、克新 1 号、兴佳 2 号的CAT活性、SOD活性高于康尼贝克和荷兰 15 号.利用主成分分析计算得到 5 个特征值>1 的归一化指标,其对碱胁迫抗性的累积贡献率达 80.07%,符合主成分分析要求,因此将 11 个指标转化为 7 项生理指标,包括:株高、茎粗、叶片含氮量、叶绿素相对含量、脯氨酸含量、POD活性、CAT活性.[结论]株高、茎粗、叶片含氮量、叶绿素相对含量、脯氨酸含量、POD活性、CAT活性这 7 项生理指标可作为马铃薯耐碱性能力强弱的评价指标.综合各项指标筛选出耐碱能力较强的品种为V7,后旗红、克新 1 号、兴佳 2 号耐碱能力中等,康尼贝克与荷兰15号耐碱性较弱.
[Objectives]We studied the responses of different potato cultivars to NaHCO3 stress from the growth,photosynthetic efficiency,and physiological indices,to screen out the high NaHCO3 tolerant cultivars,and the indicators to assess cultivars alkaline tolerance.[Methods]The potato cultivars used in the hypotonic experiment included cultivars"V7","Houqihong","Kexin 1","Xingjia 2","Holland 15"and"Kangnibeike".The 7-day-old potato seedlings were grown in normal 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution for 3 days,and then subjected to six alkali stress solutions containing NaHCO3 0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol/L for 7 days.The seedlings were harvested for determination of 11 physiological indexes.Principle analysis was used to screen the alkali resistant indicators.[Results]With the increase of alkali stress intensity,the growth of potato seedlings was inhibited to different degrees.Compared with NaHCO3 0 mmol/L,the root length of V7 increased by 54.37%,46.04%and 25.58%under 30,40,and 50 mmol/L stress,respectively,while the root lengths of the other five cultivars significantly decreased.Under NaHCO3 50 mmol/L stress,the plant height and stem diameter of all cultivars were significantly lower than under NaHCO30 mmol/L control.The leaf N and relatvie chlorophyll content of all cultivars varied differently with the increase of stress intensities,the leaf N contents of V7,Houqihong and Kexin 1 reached the peaks under NaHCO3 40 mmol/L treatment,and the relative chlorophyll content of Xingjia 2 reached the peak under 50 mmol/L treatment,while the N and relative chlorophyll contents of Helan 15 and Kangnibeike reached the minimum under 50 mmol/l treatment.The root activities of all cultivar seedlings increased at first and then decreased.Under NaHCO3 40 mmol/L stress,the root activities of V7 and Houqihong were significantly higher,while that of Helan 15 decreased by more than 80%under 0 mmol/L control.The content of malondialdehyde in root of all seedlings increased with the increase of stress degree,nevertheles V7 was always recorded the lowest content among the 6 cultivars.The catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of all seedling roots increased first and then decreased.Cultivar V7,Houqihong,Kexin 1 and Xingjia 2 had similar but higher CAT and SOD activities than Kangnibeike and Holland 15.After calculation of the principal component analysis,based on the 11 indicators,5 prinsiple components were obtained with individual eigenvalue>1,and the cumulative contribution rate to alkali stress reaching 80.07%.Thereby the 11 individual indicators were screened out as seven commom physiological indexes for all the potato cultivars,including plant height,stem diameter,leaf N content,relative chlorophyll content,proline content,peroxidase(POD)activity and CAT activity.[Conclusions]The indicators for the alkaline resistance assessment are plant height,stem diameter,leaf nitrogen content,relavent chlorophyll content,proline content,POD activity and CAT activity.Among the tested 6 cultivars,V7 shows the strongest alkali resistance,Houqihong,Kexin 1 and Xingjia 2 show second strong alkali resistance,while Kangnibeike and Helan 15 are weak in alkali resistance.
逯春杏;逯海林;刘玉龙;吴娟;苑志强;胡戎朔;张胜;王晓娇;曹春梅;张必周
内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018||内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010030商都县科学技术事业发展中心,内蒙古乌兰察布商都县 013450扎赉特旗农牧和科技局,内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗 137600内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018呼伦贝尔市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021008内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
马铃薯;NaHCO3胁迫;耐碱性;耐碱能力指标
potato;alkali stress;alkali resistance;resistant indicator
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (004)
745-756 / 12
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020MS03087);内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2021QNJJN14).
10.11674/zwyf.2023531
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