[目的]研究湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值的空间变异特征、影响因素及主要养分的有效性,为减缓柑橘园土壤酸化,提升土壤肥力提供科学依据.[方法]本研究以湖南省 38 个柑橘重点县的 15722 个柑橘园土壤为对象,利用地统计学、相关性分析、结构方程模型等方法,探究了湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值的空间变异特征,分析了土壤pH值对地理、气候、土壤性质等因子的响应,并研究了土壤pH值对土壤氮、磷、钾有效性的影响.[结果]湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值范围为 3.00～8.50,均值为 5.58,变异系数为 18.06%,空间变异为中等程度.最适合柑橘生长的弱酸性土壤面积占 44.35%,而酸性、强酸性、中性和碱性土壤分别占 48.92%、1.69%、4.95%和 0.08%.通过Pearson相关性分析发现,土壤pH值与降水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与速效钾含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与气温、碱解氮和有效磷含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01).结构方程模型模拟结果表明,土壤类型与成土母质是解释土壤pH值空间变异的主导因子.除少量强碱性土壤中碱解氮和有效磷含量处于较低水平外,柑橘园土壤各酸度等级土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量皆处于适宜水平.[结论]由于特有的土壤类型和成土母质,湖南省柑橘园超过一半(50.61%)的土壤处于过酸状态(酸性和强酸性).湖南省柑橘园土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分含量基本处于适宜水平,因此,应重视改善土壤酸性.
[Objectives]We studied the spatial variation characteristics,influencing factors of soil pH and the availability of main nutrients in citrus orchards of Hunan Province,aiming to provide scientific basis for slowing down soil acidification and improve soil fertility in citrus orchards.[Methods]In this study,15722 soil samples were collected from the citrus orchards of 38 citrus production counties in Hunan Province.The spatial variation characteristics of citrus orchard soil pH values across Hunan Province were explored using geostatistics,correlation analysis,structural equation models and other methods.The influence factors were screened from the aspects of geography,climate and soil properties,and the effects of soil pH on the availability of soil nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)were studied.[Results]The soil pH of citrus orchards in Hunan Province ranged from 3.00 to 8.50,and averaged 5.58 with a coefficient of variation of 18.06%,belonging to moderate spatial variation.The weakly acid soils that was most suitable for citrus growth accounted for 44.35%of the total citrus growing area,while the acidic,strongly acidic,neutral and alkaline soils accounted for 48.92%,1.69%,4.95%and 0.08%,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with precipitation(P<0.05)and readily available potassium content(P<0.01),but negatively correlated with temperature,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P(P<0.01).The simulation results of structural equation model indicated that soil types and parent materials were the main factors causing the spatial variation of soil pH.Except for a few strongly alkaline soils with low levels of alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P,the alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and readily available K contents in most soils were all in suitable levels.[Conclusions]More than half(50.61%)of the citrus orchard soils in Hunan Province are in a state of overacidity(acidic and strongly acidic)due to the soil types and parent materials.The available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in the citrus orchard soils in Hunan Province are basically at a suitable level.Therefore,more attention should be paid for the remediation of soil acidity.
徐章倩;周卫军;崔浩杰;周雨舟;商贵铎;李敏;岳晴晴
湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙 410128
柑橘园土壤;pH值;空间特征;成土母质;地理因素;速效养分
Citrusorchard soil;pH value;spatial distribution;parent material;geographical factor;available nutrient
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (004)
717-730 / 14
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26).
10.11674/zwyf.2023470
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