[目的]由茄科劳尔氏菌引起的青枯病是一种普遍的细菌性土传病害,严重威胁多种经济作物的生产.青枯病主要采用生物技术防治,但由于施用方法以及生防菌株较为多元,生防效果差异较大.因此,我们研究了生物菌剂对青枯病发病率的防控效果及主要影响因素.[方法]基于Web of Science和CNKI数据库,以关键词"青枯病"和"生物菌剂"、"Ralstonia solanacearum"或"Pseudomonas solanacearum"和"Biological bacterium agent"或"Biological bacterium control"进行检索.以具有 1 个不施生物菌剂对照组,且具有发病率(DI)、发病率均值和样本量为条件进行筛选,共获得 113 对有效数据.采用meta分析方法评估了生物菌剂的防控效果及主要影响因素.采用Metawin软件中的随机效应模型,以处理组和对照组之间的效应值(effect size,ES)评价因素的效应强弱.[结果]施用生物菌剂后,青枯病发病率从 77.35%降至 37.13%,防控效率为 52.00%.施用模式、土壤中功能微生物与青枯菌数量比、功能微生物种类是影响青枯病防治效果的主要因素.土施、浸根、喷淋和种子处理 4 种施用方法对青枯病的防控效应值分别为-0.80～-0.61、-1.34～-1.15、-0.96～-0.79 和-0.67～-0.49,说明 4 种施用方法均有显著的防控效果,以浸根法的防控效率最好,其防控效率可达 66.72%.施用生物菌剂后的土壤中功能微生物与青枯菌数量比值为 1∶1、10∶1、100∶1 时,对青枯病均有显著防控效果,以比值为 100∶1 时的防控效果(63.62%)最为显著.链霉菌对青枯病的防效优于假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌,其防控效率可达 74.08%.[结论]生物菌剂对青枯病的防治效果普遍较为显著,采用移栽前浸根,生物菌剂施用量达到土壤中功能微生物数量与青枯菌数量比值为 100∶1,选择链霉菌属作为功能菌剂,均可获得较高且稳定的青枯病防控效果.
[Objectives]Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a widespread soil-borne disease,threatening the production of economic crops seriously.Biological control has been widely promoted as an efficient and environmentally friend method,however,the biocontrol efficacy is unstable owing to application methods,functional microbial strains,and etc.We investigated the general control effects of biocontrol agents as well as the primary influencing factors.[Methods]In Web of Science and CNKI databases,literatures were searched using keywords"bacterial wilt disease"and"biocontrol agents","Ralstonia solanacearum"or"Pseudomonas solanacearum",and"biological bacterium agent"or"biological bacterium control".Then the literatures were screened with the following criterions:a no-biocontrol agent control,mean disease incidence,sample size,and a total of 113 pairs of data were obtained.Meta-analysis was used to assess the control effect and main influencing factors,the Random Effect Model in software Metawin was used to calculate the effect size(ES)between the treatment and control for comparing the efficacy of factors.[Results]Application of biocontrol agents decreased the disease incidence of bacterial wilt from 77.35%to 37.13%,with an approximate control efficiency of 52%.The application mode,the ratios of functional microbial strains to Ralstonia solanacearum in soil,and the species of functional strains were found to be the main factors that influences the biocontrol efficacies.Soil application,root soaking,foliar spray,and seed treatment all showed significant control effect(CE),with the CE values of-0.80--0.61,-1.34--1.15,-0.96--0.79,and-0.67--0.49,root soaking performed the best with control efficiency as high as 66.72%.After the application of biocontrol agents,significant control efficiencies were received when the ratios of functional microorganisms to Ralstonia solanacearum in soil reached 1∶1,10∶1,and 100∶1,with the most significant effect(63.62%)at ratio of 100∶1.Among the functional microbial strains types,Streptomyces showed better control efficiency than Pseudomonas and Bacillus,with a biocontrol efficiency of 74.08%.[Conclusions]Application of biological agents has significant effects on the suppression of bacterial wilt disease incidence.For high and stable control efficiency,using root soaking method before transplanting,selecting Streptomyces genus as the functional microbial strains,and applying biological agents at rate of forming a ratio of functional microbial strain to Ralstonia solanacearum in 100∶1 were recommended.
胡星磊;白鸽;邱巍;袁军;秦华;赵梦丽;徐秋芳
浙江省亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室/浙江农林大学,浙江杭州 311300||浙江农林大学环境与资源学院/碳中和学院,浙江杭州 311300南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京 210095
青枯病;发病率;生物菌剂;防控效果;meta分析
bacterial wilt;disease incidence;biological agents;control effect;meta-analysis
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (004)
655-665 / 11
浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目(LQ22C150005);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32102472);学校科研发展基金项目(2021FR042).
10.11674/zwyf.2023460
评论