流浪猫已对全球生物多样性带来严重威胁,然而,中国对流浪猫的基础生物学研究却很少.2018-2022年,以南京大学仙林校区(约195 hm2)为研究区域,开展了基于个体识别的校园流浪猫种群及繁殖等基础生物学研究.通过连续20 d的样点调查,构建了流浪猫的种群数量累积曲线,发现即便在熟知流浪猫种群分布的基础上,一天调查中流浪猫的发现率仅为51.22％(44.51％～53.66％),而累积6d的重复调查,发现率可达到84.15％(81.10％～86.59％).2018-2022年南京大学仙林校区流浪猫数量快速增长,从2018年的51只增加至2022年的220只.2021年3月至2022年3月每月6次调查,期间共记录到273只流浪猫,其中成年猫149只,幼猫124只,雌雄性比约为1:1.在此期间流浪猫的一年留存率约为58.71％,且绝育流浪猫的留存率显著高于未绝育的流浪猫.流浪猫全年均可繁殖,但产仔高峰集中在3-6月.65窝幼猫中,有84只存活超过6个月,若家猫的平均产仔数为3～4只,则南京大学仙林校区的流浪猫幼仔6月龄成活率约为36.92％(32.31％～43.08％).上述结果说明,低强度的样点调查可能低估了流浪猫的种群数量.同时,在人类提供庇佑的环境中,流浪猫的生存不受食物、住所以及疾病的限制,其生存率和繁殖成功率较高,高存活率和高繁殖力将为流浪猫种群数量的控制带来困难.
The free-ranging cat is a significant threat to global biodiversity,yet there is a dearth of research on the funda-mental biology of these non-domesticated felines within China.Between 2018 and 2022,we undertook a comprehensive study focusing on the population dynamics and reproductive biology of free-ranging cats on the Xianlin Campus of Nan-jing University,which covers approximately 195 hectares.Utilizing point sampling surveys conducted over a continuous 20-day period,we generated a population accumulation curve for the cat population.Despite having pre-existing knowl-edge of the cats'distribution,we found that a single day of sampling yielded a discovery rate of only 51.22％,with a confidence interval of 44.51％to 53.66％.This rate improved to 84.15％(confidence interval:81.10％to 86.59％)fol-lowing six days of repeated sampling efforts.From 2018 to 2022,the cat population on the Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University saw a swift increase,rising from 51 individuals in 2018 to 220 by 2022.To delve into the population's dy-namics and reproductive patterns,we conducted detailed monthly surveys six times between March 2021 and March 2022.Over this period,we documented a total of 273 cats,comprising 149 adults and 124 kittens,with a near-even sex ratio.The one-year retention rate for the cats was approximately 58.71％,with a marked difference favoring neutered cats over their unneutered counterparts in terms of survival.Regarding reproduction,while cats are capable of breeding year-round,the peak breeding season is predominantly from March to June.Among the 65 recorded litters,84 cats sur-vived past the six-month mark.Assuming an average litter size of 3 to 4 kittens,the survival rate of these feral cats on the campus at six months was estimated to be around 36.92％,with a range of 32.31％to 43.08％.Our findings suggest that sampling efforts of low intensity may have led to an underestimation of the free-ranging cat population.Further-more,in an environment where human care is abundant,the survival and reproductive success rates of these cats remain high,unaffected by limitations in food,shelter,or disease.This presents considerable challenges for the control and man-agement of free-ranging cat populations.
孙桃柱;吴琼;张振伟;李忠秋
南京大学生命科学学院动物行为与保护实验室,南京 210023
生物学
流浪猫;种群数量;种群动态;繁殖参数
Stray cats;Population number;Population dynamics;Reproductive parameters
《兽类学报》 2024 (003)
333-343 / 11
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211151)
10.16829/j.slxb.150821
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