选取4块玉米标准样地,设置了不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(Z1)、化肥+西多里微生物菌剂(Z2)、化肥+聚谷氨酸复合微生物菌剂(Z3)等4个处理,分析了不同菌剂对玉米产量、土壤养分、光合特性及病虫害防治的影响.结果表明:在玉米产量方面,增施菌剂处理后的行粒数、千粒重和产量均高于CK,其中以Z3处理最佳;在土壤养分方面,Z1～Z3处理在拔节期、乳熟期、成熟期的有机质含量均高于CK,以Z3处理为最高;增施菌剂处理后的土壤碱解氮含量均显著高于CK,具体表现为Z3＞Z2＞Z1＞CK;Z3、Z2、Z1处理的土壤速效磷含量在拔节期、乳熟期和成熟期分别是CK的1.78、1.42、1.15倍,1.76、1.48、1.19倍和2.46、1.95、1.47倍;Z3处理的土壤速效钾含量在拔节期、乳熟期和成熟期分别是Z2、Z1处理及CK的1.30、1.17、1.07,1.28、1.19、1.07倍和1.39、1.19、1.09倍;净光合速率和蒸腾速率在乳熟期达到峰值,其中Z3处理的净化光合速率显著高于其他处理,其蒸腾速率分别是Z2、Z1处理及CK的1.51、1.34、1.24倍;在病虫害防治方面,Z1～Z3处理的病株率显著低于CK.综上,增施菌剂可提高玉米产量,改善土壤养分,增强光合特性,减少病虫害,其中化肥+聚谷氨酸复合微生物菌剂的优势最为明显,可在玉米种植中推广应用.
Four maize standard plots were selected as the sample plots,and were divided into control group CK(without any fertilizer),Z1(conventional fertilizer),Z2(fertilizer+sitori microbial agent)and Z3(fertilizer+polyglutamate microbial agent),respectively,to analyze the effects of different microbial agents on maize yield maize yield,soil nutrients,photosynthetic characteristics and pest and disease control.The results showed that in terms of corn yield,row number,1000-grain weight and yield after increased application were higher than those in CK group.The Z3 treatment had the best performance.In terms of soil nutrients,the organic matter content in groups Z1,Z2 and Z3 was higher than that in group CK at jointing stage,milking stage and maturity stage,and the organic matter content in group Z3 was the highest.The soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content in the treated group was higher than that in CK group,and the overall performance was Z3＞Z2＞Z1＞CK.The soil available phosphorus content of Z3,Z2 and Z1 increased by 1.78,1.42,1.15 times,1.76,1.48,1.19 times and 2.46,1.95,1.47 times,respectively,compared with CK treatment at jointing stage,milk ripening stage and maturity stage.The soil available potassium content of Z3 treatment was 1.30,1.17,1.07 times,and 1.28,1.19,1.07 times,and 1.39,1.19,1.09 times of Z2,Z1 and CK,respectively,at jointing stage,milk ripening stage and maturity stage.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate reached the peak at milk maturity stage,and the photosynthetic rate of Z3 treatment was higher than that of the other treatments.The transpiration rate of Z3 treatment was 1.51,1.34,1.24 times of that of Z2,Z1 and CK groups at milk maturity,respectively.In terms of diseases and pests,the disease rate of Z1,Z2 and Z3 treatments was lower than that of CK.In conclusion,increased application of microbial agents can increase corn yield,improve soil nutrients,enhance photosynthetic characteristics,and reduce pests and diseases,among which the treatment with chemical fertilizer+polyglutamate microbial agent has obvious advantages,and can be popularized and applied in corn planting.
汤培升
甘肃省张掖市甘州区农业技术推广中心,甘肃 张掖 734000
农业科学
菌剂;玉米产量;土壤养分;光合特性;病虫害防治
Microbial agent;Maize yield;Soil nutrient;Photosynthetic characteristic;Pest and disease control
《江西农业学报》 2024 (004)
72-76,99 / 6
农业农村部"十四五"项目"有效推广绿色农业种植技术的策略研究"(NCNYB005669).
10.19386/j.cnki.jxnyxb.2024.04.012
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