[目的]为减少化学氮肥的使用,通过盆栽试验探究在紫云英还田条件下,氮肥减量配施生物质炭对稻田土壤养分提升、水稻增产的作用,旨在明确在紫云英替代部分氮肥的基础上,更有利于培肥和增产的最佳减氮量和生物质炭添加比例,以期为实际生产应用提供科学依据.[方法]采用双因素水稻盆栽试验,以冬闲+常规施肥(CK)为空白对照,设置了4个(0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%)生物质炭添加比例,在追肥时设置3个(减氮10%、减氮20%、减氮30%)减氮比例,共设置13个处理组合,每个处理重复4次,共计52盆,生长周期120 d,水稻成熟后比较各处理对土壤理化性质及水稻产量、性状的影响.[结果]在紫云英还田下,减氮30%配施2.0%生物质炭显著提高了土壤pH(P＜0.01)与CK相比提高了12.02%;减氮20%配施2.0%生物质炭对土壤有机质(SOM)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量均具有极显著提升作用(P＜0.01),显著提升了土壤全氮含量(P＜0.05),比CK分别增加了38.8%、107.2%、25.4%、24.9%;减氮20%配施0.5%生物质炭时碱解氮含量显著提升了49.6%(P＜0.01).紫云英还田下减氮30%配施1.0%生物质炭时产量最高,与CK相比分别显著增产18.7%(P＜0.01).施加低量生物质炭(0.25%生物质炭)更有利于水稻地上部生物量积累,比CK显著增加了90.04%(P＜0.01).相关性分析表明,土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾是提升水稻产量的主要土壤环境因子(P＜0.05、r＞0.5).[结论]紫云英、氮肥减量及生物质炭联合施用的培肥增产效果显著,紫云英还田下减氮20%配施2.0%生物质炭更有利于提升稻田土壤养分含量,减少氮素流失,促进水稻生长增产,但施加过量生物质炭对水稻产量及生物量具有一定的抑制作用,在追肥时减氮30%配施1.0%生物质炭对水稻增产效果最佳.
[Objective]In order to reduce the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen(N)reduction combined with different ratios of biochar on improvement of soil nutrient and increase of rice yield under the condition of returning milk vetch to the field.The aim is to clarify the optimal nitrogen reduction and biochar addition ratio that are more conducive to fertilization and yield increase on the basis of replacing part of nitrogen fertilizer with Chinese milk vetch.The results could be used to provide scientific basis for production.[Method]A two-factor rice pot experiment was conducted,and four(0.25%,0.5%,1%,2%)biochar addition ratios and three(10%,20%,30%)N reduction ratios during topdressing were set.A total of 13 treatment combinations were set,and each treatment was repeated four times.A total of 52 pots were grown for 120 days.The effects of each treatment on soil physicochemical properties,rice yield and characters were compared after rice ripening.[Result]The soil pH(P＜0.01)was significantly increased by 12.02%compared with that of CK in the field with 30%N reduction combined with 2.0%biochar.The contents of soil organic matter(SOM),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)were significantly increased by 20%N reduction combined with 2.0%biochar(P＜0.01),and the contents of soil total N(P＜0.05)were significantly increased by 38.8%,107.2%,25.4%and 24.9%compared with that of CK.The content of alkali N was significantly increased by 49.6%when 20%N reduction was combined with 0.5%biochar(P＜0.01).The highest yield was obtained when 30%N reduction 30%was combined with 1.0%biochar,which was significantly increased by 18.7%(P＜0.01)compared with that of CK.However,the application of low biochar(0.25%biochar)was more beneficial to above-mentioned biomass accumulation,which was significantly increased by 90.04%compared with that of CK(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in this study were the main soil environmental factors(P＜0.05,r＞0.5)to improve rice yield.[Conclusion]Combined application of milk vetch,N reduction and biochar has a significant effect on fertilizer cultivation and yield increase.The application of 20%nitrogen reduction combined with 2.0%biochar under Chinese milk vetch returning to the field is more conducive to improving the nutrient content of paddy soil.It can reduce N loss and promote rice growth and yield increase,but excessive application of biochar has a certain inhibitory effect on rice yield and biomass.30%N reduction combined with 1.0%biochar in topdressing had the optimal effect on rice yield.
劳洁玉;郑铭洁;黄永材;任震;吴家森;傅伟军
浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院/碳中和学院,浙江 杭州 311300浙江省建德市农技推广中心土壤肥料站,浙江 建德 311600浙江省建德市新水建设有限公司,浙江 建德 311600
农业科学
紫云英;水稻秸秆生物质炭;氮肥减量;土壤理化性质;水稻产量
milk vetch;rice straw biochar;nitrogen reduction;soil fertility;rice yield
《江西农业大学学报》 2024 (002)
289-301 / 13
世界银行浙江千岛湖及新安江水资源与生态保护项目(H20210012) Project supported by World Bank Zhejiang Qiandao Lake and Xin'an River Water Resources and Ecological Protection Project(H20210012)
10.3724/aauj.2024027
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