基于多年的大豆物候期监测和分期播种试验数据,研究了辽宁西部地区大豆生长发育和产量对气候变化的响应.结果表明:大豆播种的下限温度为8.0℃,适宜温度为15.0～20.0℃,适宜土壤湿度为18%～22%,适宜播种期在5月上中旬.大豆的营养生长期、生殖生长期、全生育期分别需要≥10℃的积温1200、1250、2600℃·d以上;有效积温与产量呈抛物线函数关系,≥10℃积温2800～3060℃·d有利于大豆产量的提高;大豆存在3个温度关键期,分别在大豆分枝期(6月上中旬)、开花结荚期(7月中下旬)和鼓粒期(8月中下旬);营养生长期干旱会使大豆的百粒重降低6.0%～18.0%;开花结荚、鼓粒成熟期干旱会使大豆的百粒重降低8.0%～25.0%;大豆产量受降水的影响呈抛物线变化,需水关键期在6月上旬至8月中旬;光照对辽西大豆产量的影响不显著.
Based on years of phenological monitoring and phased sowing experimental data,the response of soybean growth,development and yield to climate change in western Liaoning province was studied.The results showed that the lower limit temperature for soybean sowing is 8.0℃,and the optimum temperature is 15～20℃.The appropriate soil moisture is between 18％and 22％,and the ideal sowing period is in early to mid-May.The soybean vegetative growth phase requires a cumulative temperature of≥10℃ over 1200℃·d,the reproductive growth phase over 1250℃·d,and the entire growth period over 2600℃·d.The relationship between cumulative temperature and yield is parabolic,and the cumulative temperature of≥10℃ 2800～3060℃·d is conducive to the increase of soybean yield.There are three critical temperature periods for soybeans:branching(early to mid-June),flowering and pod setting(mid to late July),and grain filling(mid to late August).Drought during the vegetative growth phase reduces 100-grain weight by 6.0％～18.0％,and during flowering,pod setting,and maturation,it reduces by 8.0％～25.0％.The impact of rainfall on soybean yield is parabolic,and the critical period for water needs is from early June to mid-August.Light has no significant effect on soybean yield in western Liaoning.
赵凌尘;刘振宏;李忠娴;王鹏;孙艳云;牛丹;关雨姗;杨光;韩莹;朱明宇
辽宁省气象装备保障中心,辽宁 沈阳 110166辽宁省气象局财务核算中心,辽宁 沈阳 110166辽宁省气象信息中心,辽宁 沈阳 110166
农业科学
辽宁西部;大豆;生长发育;产量;气候变化;响应
Western Liaoning;Soybean;Growth and development;Yield;Climate change;Response
《江西农业学报》 2024 (002)
7-12 / 6
国家自然科学基金项目(31671576、31801253);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金项目(stqx2019zd02).
10.19386/j.cnki.jxnyxb.2024.02.002
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