为探究生物炭用量对烟草青枯病发生及土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响,以植烟病圃土壤为研究对象,设置5个炭/土比0、1.5%、3.0%、4.5%、6.0%(记为TS0、TS15、TS30、TS45、TS60)的盆栽试验,研究烤烟青枯病发病情况、土壤农化性状、细菌群落结构与功能.结果表明,生物炭可有效减轻烟草青枯病发病情况,以炭/土比3.0%效果最佳.生物炭处理均可显著增加土壤pH值及有机质含量、改善土壤养分比例.冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,土壤pH值及养分是影响烟草青枯病的重要因子,提升土壤pH值及养分含量可有效减轻青枯病发生程度.进一步分析发现,生物炭可提高土壤细菌Alpha多样性,与对照相比,炭/土比1.5%～6.0%处理Chaol指数提高了8.24%～26.50%,变形菌门丰度分别增加了2.28、9.70、5.40、5.28个百分点,而酸杆菌门丰度分别降低了5.48、7.05、8.09、7.06个百分点.表型预测结果表明,生物炭可通过提高变形菌门丰度及降低酸杆菌门丰度来减少潜在致病菌丰度;与对照相比,炭/土比3.0%处理的芽孢杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、出芽单胞菌属丰度分别增加5.77、0.24、0.36个百分点,罗河杆菌属丰度降低1.70个百分点,且雷尔氏菌属丰度随着施炭量的增加而逐渐减小.此外,生物炭可提高土壤氨基酸代谢、细胞生长与死亡功能类群丰度,且土壤pH值、有机质、速效钾、全素养分含量与氨基酸代谢、细胞生长与死亡功能具有正向效应,而罗河杆菌属与其具有负向效应.综上,生物炭可显著改善土壤养分比例,进而改善土壤细菌群落结构和功能特性、激发细菌群落氨基酸代谢等功能,提升烟株抗病性,减少青枯病的发生程度,以炭/土比3.0%～4.5%防控烟株青枯病效果较好.本研究结果为烟草种植中的病害防控和土壤改良提供了技术参考.
In order to investigate the effects of biochar dosage on tobacco bacterial wilt and rhizosphere soil community structure and function,five biochar-soil ratio of 0,1.5%,3.0%,4.5%and 6.0%(recorded as TS0,TS15,TS30,TS45 and TS60)were set in tobacco disease nursery to study the incidence of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco,soil agrochemical characteristics,bacterial community structure and function.The results showed that biochar could effectively reduce the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt,and the best effect existed in the 3.0%biochar-soil ratio.Biochar significantly increased soil pH value and organic matter,and improve soil nutrient ratio.The results of RDA analysis showed that soil pH value and soil nutrients were important factors affecting tobacco bacterial wilt,and increasing soil pH value and nutrient content could effectively reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt.Further analysis showed that biochar could increase the diversity of soil bacterial Alpha,when the biochar-soil ratio was 1.5%to 6.0%,the richness was 8.24%to 26.50%higher than that of the control.Compared with the control,the abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 2.28,9.70,5.40 and 5.28 percentage points,respectively,while the abundance of Acidobacteria decreased by 5.48,7.05,8.09 and 7.06 percentage points,respectively.Phenotypic prediction results showed that biochar could reduce the abundance of potential pathogens by increasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing the abundance of Acidobacteria.Compared with the control,the abundance with 3.0%biochar-soil ratio increased by 5.77,0.24 and 0.36 percentage points for Bacillus,Sphingosphinomonas and Sphinomonas,respectively,and decreased by 1.70 percentage points for Bacillus,and the abundance of Raleella gradually decreased with the increase of biochar application rate.In addition,biochar could improve the abundance of soil amino acid metabolism,cell growth and death function groups.Meanwhile,soil pH value,organic matter,available potassium and total element content had positive effects on amino acid metabolism,cell growth and death function,but Bacillus rotobacter had negative effects on them.In conclusion,biochar application significantly improved the proportion of soil nutrients,then changed the structure and functional characteristics of soil bacterial community,stimulated amino acid metabolism of bacterial community and other functions,improved the disease resistance of tobacco,and reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt.In this study,the biochar-soil ratio of 3.0%-4.5%was more effective in controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco plants.This study provides scientific basis for disease control and soil improvement in tobacco cultivation.
潘美清;唐莉娜;吴长征;杨铭榆;张汴泓;黄锦文;王成己
作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室/作物生态与分子生理学福建省高校重点实验室/福建农林大学农学院,福建 福州 350002福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,福建 福州 350003福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建 福州 350013
生物炭;烟草青枯病;土壤农化性状;土壤细菌群落结构;功能预测
biochar;tobacco bacterial wilt;soil agrochemical properties;soil bacterial community structure;function prediction
《核农学报》 2024 (006)
1186-1195 / 10
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01467),中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目(2019350000240143)
10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1186
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