为探究利于稻虾共作深水灌溉模式下水稻、小龙虾产量及稻米品质协同发展的适宜肥料运筹,本研究以适宜稻虾共作模式的水稻品种丰优香占为试验材料,设置7个施肥处理:干湿交替0 N不养虾(R)、干湿交替100%化肥养虾(RC)、深水灌溉[100%化肥不养虾(RR)、100%化肥养虾(RS0)、30%有机肥+70%化肥养虾(RS3)、50%有机肥+50%化肥养虾(RS5)、70%有机肥+30%化肥养虾(RS7)],并从水稻、小龙虾产量性状、稻米品质(外观、加工、营养、食味)等多个维度进行研究分析.结果表明,水稻方面,在深水灌溉模式下有机无机肥比例为5∶5时,水稻产量最高,两年产量分别为8.99、6.54 t·hm-2,且与RC相比,产量有所提高.随着有机肥比例的提高,加工品质(糙米率、精米率、整精米率)总体呈上升趋势,外观品质(垩白度、垩白粒率、垩白大小)呈先上升后下降趋势,其中RS5、RS7的加工、外观品质较RC有所改善.蛋白质含量以RS5、RS7处理较高,且较RC显著提高,直链淀粉含量、米饭外观、口感、食味值呈相反趋势,以RS5、RS7处理较低.随着有机肥比例的提高,峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值呈下降趋势,以RS5、RS7处理较低,且较RC显著降低;消减值、糊化温度则呈相反趋势.小龙虾方面,随着有机肥比例提高,各有机无机肥比例处理之间小龙虾产量无明显差异,但小龙虾均重变异系数呈下降趋势,以RS5和RS7较低.综合分析认为,全程氮肥宜使用有机无机供氮比例5∶5,可以缓解深水种养造成的不利影响,提高稻虾共作模式下水稻产量及稻米加工、外观、营养品质,并且可提高小龙虾规格稳定性和规格效益,但对食味品质、RVA特征有一定的负面影响.本研究为长江中下游地区稻虾共作模式下水稻保优栽培提供了科学依据.
To explore the appropriate fertilizer strategy for the coordinated development of yield and quality of rice and crayfish production in rice-crayfish co-cultivation with deep water irrigation,Fengyouxiangzhan,a rice variety tailored for rice-crayfish co-cultivation,was used as the experimental material.Seven fertilization treatments were set:0 kg N ha-1 without crayfish cultivation(R,control),100%inorganic fertilizer in deep water without crayfish(RR),100%inorganic fertilizer in alternating wet and dry conditions with crayfish(RC),100%inorganic fertilizer in deep water with crayfish(RS0),30%organic and 70%inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish(RS3),50%organic and 50%inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish(RS5),70%organic and 30%inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish(RS7).Yield traits of rice and crayfish,and rice quality(appearance,processing,nutrition,and taste)were analyzed.The results showed that a 50∶50 mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced the highest rice yields under deep-water irrigation,and the yields of the two years were 8.99 and 6.54 t·hm-2,respectively,and the yield was increased compared with RC.As the organic fertilizer proportion increased,there was a general improvement in brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,while chalkiness degree,chalkiness rate,and chalkiness size initially decreased and then increased.Notably,RS5 and RS7 showcased superior processing and appearance qualities compared to RC.Additionally,the protein content in RS5 and RS7 was higher and significantly increased compared with RC,while amylose content,rice appearance,mouthfeel,and taste showed an opposite trend.Furthermore,parameters like peak,trough,final viscosity,and breakdown decreased as organic content increased,with RS5 and RS7 exhibiting the most significant decreased compared with RC.Conversely,setback and pasting temperature metrics showed an opposite trend.Regarding crayfish,as organic fertilizer proportion increased,there was little difference in crayfish yield among the organic and inorganic fertilizer proportion treatments,but the coefficient of variation of crayfish mean weight showed a downward trend,specially the RS5 and RS7 treatments.In conclusion,the optimal nitrogen supply ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers was 50∶50,which could alleviate the side effect caused by deep water cultivation,improve rice yield,rice processing,appearance and nutrition quality under the rice-crayfish co-cultivation,and improve the specification stability and specification benefits of crayfish,but had a certain negative impact on taste quality and RVA characteristics.This research provides a scientific basis for the rice high quality cultivation under the rice-crayfish co-cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
张诚信;徐荣;马林杰;杨婷;王守红;张家宏;陈选青;寇祥明
江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏 扬州 225007||江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏 扬州 225009江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏 扬州 225007扬州银谷农业生态发展有限公司,江苏 扬州 225119
稻虾共作;水稻;氮肥;产量;品质
rice-crayfish co-cultivation;rice;nitrogen;yield;quality
《核农学报》 2024 (006)
1153-1162 / 10
江苏现代农业(水稻)产业技术体系(JATS[2022]278),江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021336),江苏省级农业生态保护与资源利用专项(省级[2022]78),扬州市重点研发计划(社会发展)(YZ2022064)
10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1153
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