为探究蝴蝶兰种质资源倍性与育性的关系,本研究采用染色体计数法结合流式细胞术鉴定蝴蝶兰属33个品种(种或变种)的倍性水平,并通过完全双列杂交试验探究不同倍性蝴蝶兰种质资源的育性.染色体计数结果表明,二倍体和三倍体蝴蝶兰均有5个,均占15.15%;四倍体蝴蝶兰有10个,占30.30%;非整倍体蝴蝶兰有13个,占39.39%.蝴蝶兰不同品种之间染色体大小构成存在差异.流式细胞术检测结果表明,蝴蝶兰属25个品种(种或变种)的流式细胞术倍性估计结果与染色体计数结果相符.供试材料的流式直方图均呈现出3～4个峰,且循环值均大于0.1.杂交育性结果表明,作为亲本杂交的四倍体蝴蝶兰具有最高的坐果率和萌发率;在三倍体和非整倍体蝴蝶兰中,不同品种之间的育性差异较大,同一品种作为父本或母本杂交和自交后,其育性差异也较大.上述结果表明,大多数蝴蝶兰杂交品种的倍性为多倍体或非整倍体,蝴蝶兰的育性与其倍性水平和染色体大小构成相关;流式细胞术的倍性估计适用于蝴蝶兰种内以及含有小而均匀染色体的杂交品种;供试蝴蝶兰叶片均存在内多倍体化且不同倍性蝴蝶兰叶片的内多倍体化模式存在显著差异.本研究为蝴蝶兰种质资源鉴定、亲本选配、遗传改良以及多倍体育种提供了参考依据.
To explore the relationship between ploidy and fertility in Phalaenopsis germplasm resources,this study employed a combination of chromosome counting and flow cytometry to identify the ploidy levels of 33 varieties(species or variants)within the Phalaenopsis.Additionally,a series of complete diallel crosses were conducted to investigate the fertility of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources with different ploidy levels.The results of chromosome counting revealed that there were 5 diploid and 5 triploid Phalaenopsis,each accounting for 15.15%,while there were 10 tetraploid Phalaenopsis,constituting 30.30%.Furthermore,there were 13 aneuploid Phalaenopsis,making up 39.39%.Variations in chromosome size and constitution were observed among different varieties of Phalaenopsis.Flow cytometry results indicated that the estimated ploidy levels of 25 varieties(species or variants)of Phalaenopsis matched the chromosome counting results.The flow cytometry histograms of the tested materials all exhibited 3 to 4 peaks,with cycle values greater than 0.1.The results of hybrid fertility show that the tetraploid Phalaenopsis used as parents for hybridization has the highest fruit set and germination rate.Among the triploid and aneuploid Phalaenopsis,there is a large difference in fertility.The same variety used as a male or female parent for hybridization and self-fertilization also has a large difference in fertility.The above results suggest that the ploidy of most hybrid Phalaenopsis is polyploid or aneuploid,and the fertility of Phalaenopsis is related to its ploidy level and chromosome size and constitution.Flow cytometry ploidy estimation is suitable for Phalaenopsis hybrids with small and uniform chromosomes.All tested Phalaenopsis leaves exhibited endopolyploidization with significant variation in patterns among different ploidy Phalaenopsis leaves.This study provides valuable insights for the identification of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources,parental selection,genetic improvement,and polyploid breeding.
张文滔;李嘉铭;王铫铃;崔永一
浙江农林大学园艺科学学院,浙江 杭州 311300
蝴蝶兰;染色体倍性;染色体构成;流式细胞术;内多倍体
Phalaenopsis;chromosome ploidy;chromosome constitution;flow cytometry;endopolyploid
《核农学报》 2024 (006)
1012-1023 / 12
浙江省农业新品种重大专项花卉育种专项(2021C02071-5),浙江省"尖兵""领雁"研发攻关计划项目(2023C02028)
10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1012
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