目的:通过对蚂蟥野生亲本和人工养殖越冬亲本的繁殖研究,为蚂蟥人工规模化繁殖提供参考.方法:分别以春季收集的野生蚂蟥和人工养殖越冬蚂蟥为亲本,以壤土为基质,在室外开展人工规模化繁殖试验,统计蚂蟥亲本繁殖成活率、体质量回收率、相对产茧率、平均产茧数、卵茧规格和卵茧孵化率等指标,并分析人工养殖蚂蟥越冬密度对繁殖效率的影响.结果:野生蚂蟥有效繁殖亲本 2 644.83 kg,投放密度 5.00 kg/m2,产茧 577.50 kg,相对产茧率 21.84%,繁殖成活率 78.81%,亲本体质量回收率 42.74%,平均产茧数 2.64 枚/尾,卵茧孵化率 98.00%;人工养殖蚂蟥越冬亲本低密度(3.87 kg/m2)、中密度(4.97 kg/m2)、中高密度(6.07 kg/m2)和高密度(7.13 kg/m2)的亲本体质量回收率分别为 30.40%、28.19%、30.84%和 28.69%,繁殖成活率分别为 76.68%、74.03%、76.63%和69.05%,卵茧孵化率均≥98.00%,各密度之间亲本体质量回收率、繁殖成活率、卵茧规格和卵茧孵化率差异不显著,中高密度亲本平均产茧数(2.75 枚/尾)最高,与低密度和中密度之间差异显著(P<0.05).结论:蚂蟥人工养殖越冬亲本与野生亲本繁殖效果相近;初冬季人工繁殖蚂蟥价格较便宜,质量可靠,越冬繁殖应用前景广阔.建议人工养殖蚂蟥越冬繁殖密度控制在 6.10 kg/m2 左右,成活率和产茧效果较好.
Objective:To analyze the reproduction efficiency of Whitmania pigra between the wild and artificial overwintered brood-stock,so as to provide scientific basis for large-scale reproduction of Whitmania pigra.Methods:Wild and artificial overwintered Whit-mania pigra collected in the spring were used as brood-stock samples,respectively.Using loam soil as the substrate,the artificial scale breeding experiment was carried out outdoors.The reproductive survival rate,body mass recovery rate,relative cocoon production rate,average number of cocoon production,cocoon size and cocoon hatching rate were counted.The effects of brood-stock density on repro-duction of overwintered Whitmania pigra were evaluated.Results:A total of 577.50 kg cocoons were collected from 2 644.83 kg wild Whitmania pigra in the density of 5.00 kg/m2,the cocoon rate,survival rate,body mass recovery rate,average number of cocoon pro-duction and cocoon hatching rate for wild Whitmania pigra were 21.84%,78.81%,42.74%,2.64 cocoon/per leech and 98.00%,re-spectively.The body mass recovery rate for overwintered Whitmania pigra in 4 different densities(3.87,4.97,6.07 and 7.13 kg/m2)were 30.40%,28.19%,30.84%and 28.69%,respectively.The survival rate in 4 different densities were 76.68%,74.03%,76.63%and 69.05%,respectively,and cocoon hatching rate was equal or greater than 98.00%.The body weight recovery rate,survival rate and cocoon hatching rate between densities were not significantly different.The average number of cocoon production in medium high density treatments was the highest(2.75 cocoon/per Whitmania pigra),which was significant difference between low and medium density treat-ments(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is litter difference of reproduction efficiency between the wild Whitmania pigra and overwintered Whitmania pigra.The artificial overwintered Whitmania pigra in early winter is low in price and reliable in quality,so they will be broad prospect in application for the Whitmania pigra artificial propagation.It is suggested that the breeding density of artificial breeding Whit-mania pigra should be controlled at about 6.10 kg/m2,and the survival rate and cocoon production effect are better.
王帅兵;宋扬;曹又文;熊良伟;王海华;徐亮
江苏农牧科技职业学院,江苏 泰州 225300江西省水产科学研究所,江西 南昌 330039泰州海唯农业科技发展有限公司,江苏 泰州 225300
中医学
蚂蟥;规模化繁殖;亲本密度;繁殖效果
Whitmania pigra Whitman;Large-scale reproduction;Brood-stock density;Reproduction efficiency
《中药材》 2023 (012)
2923-2928 / 6
江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBG73040);泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202303)
10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.2023.12.003
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