目的:对不同品种、变种或生态型紫苏(广西回回苏、甘肃紫苏、贵州遵义紫苏、河北油苏、云南宣威紫苏和冀苏一号)在高寒阴湿区的生长状况、质量等进行综合评价.方法:通过田间调查和实验室测定相结合的方法,观察记载紫苏的外观形态、生长发育规律,研究紫苏不同采收期、不同采收部位的有效成分含量.结果:在高寒阴湿区引种的 6 种紫苏,均主茎明显,多侧枝,茎四棱,中间凹槽明显,但叶片颜色和叶型却不尽相同.由于高寒阴湿区特殊的气候,只有甘肃紫苏、河北油苏和冀苏一号开花结子,河北油苏种子灰白色,甘肃紫苏和冀苏一号种子灰褐色.9 月份采收的广西回回苏紫苏叶挥发油含量最高(1.97%),9 月上旬采收的贵州遵义紫苏的紫苏梗迷迭香酸含量最高(0.72%);紫苏子以 10 月上旬采收的甘肃紫苏的迷迭香酸含量最高(0.39%).结论:高寒阴湿区种植紫苏的植株形态与原产地基本一致,甘肃紫苏、河北油苏和冀苏一号在高寒阴湿区可以完成全生育周期,广西回回苏的紫苏叶的挥发油含量最高,贵州遵义紫苏的紫苏梗迷迭香酸含量最高.
Objective:To evaluate the growth status and quality of different varieties,varietas or ecological types of Perilla frutes-cens(Guangxi Perilla frutescens var.crispa,Perilla frutescens in Gansu,Guizhou Zunyi,Hebei,Yunnan Xuanwei,Jisu No.1)in bleak and humid region of high altitude.Methods:Through field investigation and laboratory measurement,the appearance,growth and devel-opment law of Perilla frutescens were observed and recorded,and the changes of effective components in different harvesting periods and different harvesting parts were studied.Results:All the 6 species of Perilla frutescens planted in the bleak and humid region of high alti-tude had obvious main stems,multiple lateral branches,four edges of stems and obvious grooves in the middle,but the leaf color and leaf type were different.Due to the special climate in the bleak and humid region of high altitude,the flowering and fruit-bearing plants were Jisu No.1,and Perilla frutescens in Gansu,Hebei,respectively.The seeds of Perilla frutescens in Hebei were grayish white,and the seeds of Perilla frutescens in Gansu and Jisu No.1 were grayish brown.The volatile oil content of Guangxi Perilla frutescens var.crispa harves-ted in September was the highest(1.97%),and the rosmarinic acid content of Perilla frutescens stems from Guizhou Zunyi harvested in early September was the highest(0.72%).The rosmarinic acid content of Perilla frutescens in Gansu harvested in early October was the highest(0.39%).Conclusion:The plant morphology of Perilla frutescens planted in the bleak and humid region of high altitude is basi-cally consistent with the origin.Perilla frutescens in Gansu,Hebei and Jisu No.1 can complete the whole growth cycle in bleak and hu-mid region of high altitude.The content of volatile oil in leaves of Guangxi Perilla frutescens var.crispa is the highest,the rosnariinic acid content of Perilla frutescens stems from Guizhou Zunyi is the highest.
刘源;王琼;刘东;陈红刚;曾翠云;杜弢
甘肃中医药大学和政药用植物园,甘肃 和政 731200
中医学
紫苏;采收期;外观特征;有效成分
Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt;Harvest period;Appearance characteristics;Active components
《中药材》 2023 (012)
2918-2922 / 5
财政部和农业农村部国家中药材产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21)
10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.2023.12.002
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