枣叶瘿蚊Dasineura jujubifolia是新疆枣树上一种重要害虫.明确枣园枣叶瘿蚊及捕食性天敌的发生动态与空间分布,将为科学防控枣园枣叶瘿蚊提供科学依据.本研究于2021-2022年在新疆南部阿克苏地区采用水盘诱捕法和目测法分别调查了枣园枣叶瘿蚊成虫、幼虫和捕食性天敌昆虫种群消长动态,及枣叶瘿蚊幼虫对枣树叶片的为害情况.同时,比较了枣叶瘿蚊幼虫和捕食性天敌数量、枣树叶片受害程度在枣树不同方位间的差异.结果表明:枣叶瘿蚊主要发生在5、6月,种群发生存在2个明显高峰期;成虫发生1周后幼虫开始为害,2～3周后下一代成虫羽化.枣园捕食性天敌主要是瓢虫和草蛉,种群数量较低.每年5、6月枣叶瘿蚊幼虫对枣树叶片为害严重,嫩叶受害率为6.2％～17.8％,枣吊受害率为11.0％～33.8％.枣叶瘿蚊幼虫的种群密度、捕食性天敌数量、枣树叶片受害程度在枣树东、西、南、北四个方位之间无明显差异;枣树叶片受害程度与枣叶瘿蚊幼虫的密度呈显著正相关关系.本研究明确了南疆阿克苏地区枣园枣叶瘿蚊及捕食性天敌昆虫种群消长动态及枣叶瘿蚊幼虫对枣树叶片的为害规律,为枣叶瘿蚊的防控提供了科学依据.
Jujube gall midge Dasineura jujubifolia is an important pest in jujube orchards in Xinjiang.Clarifying population dynamics and spatial distributions of the jujube gall midge and its related predatory natural enemies in orchards is important for the management of the gall midge.In this study,population dynamics of jujube gall midge adults and larvae,predatory natural enemies in jujube orchards,as well as leaf damages caused by gall midge larvae were investigated in Aksu area in southern Xinjiang,in 2021 and 2022.Densities of gall midge larvae,predatory natural enemies,and degrees of leaf damage were analyzed in relation to directions of the jujube tree.Our results showed that the gall midge mainly occurred in May and June,with two population peaks.Larvae started feeding on jujube leaves one week later following the occurrence of adults,and adults of the next generation emerged after two or three weeks.Predatory natural enemy species were dominated by lady beetles and lacewings,with low population density during the whole growing season.Gall midge larvae caused serious damage in May and June,with young leaf damage rate of 6.2％-17.8％and bearing branch damage rate of 11.0％-33.8％.No direction-related biases were detected in population densities of gall midge larvae,predatory natural enemies,or the damage degree of jujube leaves.The damage degree of jujube leaves was positively correlate with the density of gall midge larvae.Results of population dynamics and distributions of the jujube gall midge and predatory natural enemies in jujube orchards in Aksu area of southern Xinjiang provide a scientific basis for the control of jujube gall midge.
王海诺;杨龙;张建民;陆宴辉
长江大学农学院,荆州 434025||中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京 100193中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京 100193长江大学农学院,荆州 434025
植物保护学
枣叶瘿蚊;天敌;种群密度;空间分布;发生规律
jujube gall midge;natural enemy;population density;spatial distribution;occurrence regularity
《中国生物防治学报》 2024 (001)
20-26 / 7
中国农业科学院科技创新工程
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.11.014
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