梨火疫病和梨腐烂病是当前香梨生产中的2大重要病害.为开发防治梨火疫病和梨腐烂病的生防资源,本研究以从新疆各地州土壤样品中分离获得的粘细菌菌株为材料,采用菌苔共培养测定比较粘细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌Erwinia amylovora的捕食性能,平板对峙法测定粘细菌菌株对梨腐烂病菌Valsa pyri的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,从中筛选出对梨火疫病菌和梨腐烂病菌具有较好捕食功效和抑菌活性的菌株.通过离体叶片和枝条试验、盆栽试验评价其防效,并利用形态学和分子生物学方法对生防潜力粘细菌菌株进行鉴定.结果表明,筛选出的6个粘细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌具有较好捕食功效,捕食后梨火疫病菌活菌数显著降低,由初始的109降低至102～105cfu/mL;同时对梨腐烂病菌具有较好的抗菌活性,对菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制率分别达到70％和87％以上.综合香梨离体叶片和杜梨苗上的试验结果,菌株NST12和NST47在对梨火疫病的保护性和治疗性防效均大于75％;NST47和NST49菌株在香梨离体枝条上对梨腐烂病的保护性和治疗性防效分别达到了 72％和54％以上,其中NST47菌株对梨火疫病和梨腐烂病均表现出较好的生防潜力.经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,菌株NST49、NST12为橙色粘球菌Myxococcus fulvus,NST47 为紫色原囊菌 Archangium violaceum.
Fire blight causted by Erwinia amylovora and pear canker causted b Valsa pyri are two major diseases affecting the production of Pyrus sinkiangensis.This study aimed to develop biological control agent for combating fire blight and pear canker diseases by utilizing myxobacteria strains isolated from soil samples collected from different prefectures in Xinjiang.The predation efficiency of myxobacteria strains on E.amylovora was compared by using bacterial lawn co-culture,while the inhibitory effect of myxobacteria strains on hyphal growth and conidial germination of V pyri was assessed by the pair-culuturing method.Myxobacteria strains with significant predation efficacy and antagonistic activities against E.amylovora and V pyri were screened,and the control effects of the strains on these two diseases were further evaluted by detached leaves,branches and greenhouse potted experiments.The myxobacteria strains with biocontrol potential were identified based on morphological characteristics,16S rRNA and lep A gene sequence homology analysis.The results showed that the six selected myxobacteria strains exhibited substantial predation effects on E.amylovora,demonstrated by significant reduction of the bacterial numbers from 109 to 102～105 cfu/mL.Additionally,these strains demonstrated strong antagonistic activity against V pyri,with inhibition rates of mycelial growth and conidial germination over 70％and 87％,respectively.Strains NST12 and NST47 showed protective and therapeutic effects of over 75％against fire blight on detached P.sinkiangensis leaves and P.betulifolia seedlings,while strains NST47 and NST49 exhibited protective and therapeutic effects of over 72％and 54％against pear canker on detached twigs,respectively.Notably,strain NST47 displayed remarkable biocontrol potential against both fire blight and pear canker.Based on the morphological and molecular identification results,strains NST49 and NST12 were identjfied as Myxococcus fulvus and NST47 was identjfied as Archangium violaceum.
白雪莹;韩剑;孙博源;宋淑敏;罗明;孙丽英
新疆农业大学农学院/农林有害生物检测与防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学农学院/农林有害生物检测与防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052||农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外料入侵生物防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌 712100
植物保护学
梨火疫病;梨腐烂病;生物防治;粘细菌
fire blight;pear cankeri;biological control;myxobacteria
《中国生物防治学报》 2023 (006)
1384-1397 / 14
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2021D01D12);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400200);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2019A01001-2);新疆维吾尔自治区大学生创新项目(S202210758034)
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.059
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