鲟鱼是目前世界上最古老的鱼类之一，其肉质鲜美，营养丰富，鱼卵加工成的鱼子酱具有极高的经济价值。鲟鱼鱼子酱价格居高不下，因此养殖雌性鲟鱼比养殖雄鱼具有更高的经济前景。由于鲟鱼外形无法辨别雌雄，目前，通常借助超声波、内窥镜等仪器进行早期性别鉴定，但鉴别准确性无法保证。因此采用现代分子生物学技术探究鲟鱼性别决定及性别分化机制有助于早期鲟鱼性别鉴定技术的开发及实现鲟鱼全雌化苗种培育。总结了鱼类性别决定与性别分化相关基因的研究现状，综述了目前在鲟鱼上性别决定与性别分化相关基因的研究进展并预测了未来的研究方向及研究趋势。
Sturgeon is one of the oldest fishes in the world. Due to the delicious and nutritious flesh and caviar, sturgeon has extremely high economic value. Because of the price of caviar kept very high, breeding female sturgeon should get higher economic prospect than male. It seems impossible to identify the sex according to the exterior condition because of the similarity of sex characteristic on sturgeon. Currently, sex of immature sturgeon is usually identified through the ultrasonic instrument or with the help of endoscope. Even so, the accuracy of the identification cannot be ensured. Using molecular techniques to investigate sex determination and differentiation of sturgeon is supposed to conducively develop the technology of identifying sex and achieve the full female breeding. In this paper, the research status of genes related to sex determination and differentiation of fish is summarized, then the research progress on genes related to sex determination and differentiation of sturgeon is reviewed, and the feasible future research direction is also predicted.
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