稠油重质组分对乳状液的稳定性有较大的影响。以新疆某油藏稠油为例，测定了稠油的密度、黏度、凝点和酸值等基本性质，用极性分离法将其分离成饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质，测定4组分的基本性质和元素含量。沥青质能稳定乳状液油水界面膜，沥青质含量为0.5%、胶质含量为4.0%时，模拟油乳状液的析水率最小，稳定性最好。小振幅振荡实验测试模拟油乳状液的界面流变行为发现，胶质/沥青质模拟油乳状液的复数模量（E*）随时间表现出先增大后减小的过程。当沥青质含量为0.5%、胶质含量为4.0%时，2000 s以后复数模量最大并保持稳定，形成的乳状液较稳定。
The heavy components of heavy oil have a great influence on the stability of emulsion. In this paper,taking heavy oil of a Xinjiang reservoir as an example,we assayed its basic properties such as density,viscosity,solidifyig point and acid value. After separated heavy oil into saturates aromatics,resins and asphaltenes by polarity separation,we tested the basic properties and element content of the four components,Asphaltenes can stabilize the interfacial film of emulsion,and the water extraction is at the minimum and stability of emulsion is at maximum when the asphaltene content is 0.5%and resin content is 4.0%. The small amplitude oscillation experiment tests on simulation oil emulsion interfacial rheological behavior revealed that in the resin/asphaltene model oil emulsion,complex modulus(E*)increases first increased and then decreased with the passage of time. When the asphaltene content is 0.5%,the resin content is 4.0%,after 2 000 s the complex modulus(E*)is at the maximum and the emulsion is stable.
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