近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响
Effects on the Close-to-nature management on structure and distribution pattern of Pinus massoniana population
[目的]探究近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响,可以为种群调控及可持续发展提供实践基础和科学依据。[方法]本研究实施近自然经营 10 余年后的马尾松林为研究对象,通过典型样地调查,并基于种群统计方法来探讨近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响。[结果](1)在研究区,马尾松种群在对照和经营两种林分中,幼龄林(Ⅰ、Ⅱ 龄级)个体数量都很少、龄级分布不合理、种群结构不稳定。虽然近自然经营能够提升幼龄个体总体数量,但效果仍不理想。(2)马尾松种群的个体数量优势可能会减弱,种群呈现衰退趋势。种群经过 6 个龄级的发展后,其结构逐渐呈稳定增长态势。(3)马尾松种群总体呈现聚集分布的特点,且对照林分中马尾松种群的聚集程度明显高于经营林分。随着龄级增大,种群分布格局呈现聚集-均匀-随机分布的趋势;近自然经营能够加快种群分布格局向更为稳定的随机分布状态演替进程。[结论]综上,研究区马尾松种群结构不合理的主要原因是幼龄个体数量不足。近自然经营可以在一定程度上改善种群结构和分布格局。因此,建议在近自然经营的基础上结合人工促进天然更新的方式,提高幼龄个体数量,加快实现种群稳定可持续发展。
[Objective]To explore the impact of near natural management on the population structure and distribution pattern of Pinus massoniana,which can provide practical and scientific basis for population regulation and sustainable development.[Method]This study focuses on the Pinus massoniana forest after more than 10 years of near natural management.Typical sample plots were surveyed and population statistical methods were used to explore the impact of near natural management on the population structure and distribution pattern of Pinus massoniana.[Result](1)In the study area,the population of Pinus massoniana in both the control and management stands showed a small number of individuals in the young forests(I and II age levels),unreasonable age level distribution,and unstable population structure.Although near natural management can increase the overall number of young individuals,the effect is still not ideal.(2)The individual quantity advantage of the Masson pine population may weaken,and the population shows a declining trend.After 6 age classes of development,the population structure gradually shows a stable growth trend.(3)The overall population of Pinus massoniana shows a characteristic of aggregation distribution,and the aggregation degree of Pinus massoniana population in the control forest is significantly higher than that in the management forest.As the age class increases,the population distribution pattern shows a trend of aggregation uniform random distribution;Near natural management can accelerate the succession process of population distribution patterns towards a more stable random distribution state.[Conclusion]In summary,the main reason for the unreasonable population structure of Pinus massoniana in the study area is the insufficient number of young individuals.Near natural management can improve population structure and distribution pattern to a certain extent.Therefore,it is recommended to combine artificial promotion of natural regeneration on the basis of near natural management,increase the number of young individuals,and accelerate the realization of stable and sustainable population development.
申鹏;柴宗政;周雯;
贵州大学林学院,贵州 贵阳 550025;贵州大学林学院,贵州 贵阳 550025;贵阳市林业局,贵州 贵阳 550004;
Pinus massoniana Close-to-nature management Population structure Time series prediction
508-521 / 14
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