沼泽湿地恢复对土壤有机碳组分和碳通量的影响研究进展

Under the influence of human activities and climate change,the ecosystem of peat swamps has been rapidly degraded,resulting in a large loss of organic carbon stored in the wetlands and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.Therefore,the ecological restoration research of swamps is of great importance.Wetland restoration modes mainly include artificial restoration mode and natural restoration mode.Different restoration modes have different effects on the species composition and structure of plant community,soil temperature,humidity,organic matter content and other physical and chemical properties,and therefore have different effects on the material circulation and energy flow process of wetland ecosystem.At present,many important results have been achieved in terms of vegetation individual character difference,soil organic matter change characteristics and microbial community structure change characteristics of wetland under different restoration modes.However,there are few studies on the changes of soil organic carbon components and carbon flux in peat bogs under different restoration modes.In this paper,the restoration strategies and different characteristics of different wetl and restoration modes were described,the carbon cycle mechanism of wetland ecosystem was discussed,and the effects of different restoration modes on soil organic carbon components,carbon pool stability and carbon flux of swamp wetland were reviewed,providing scientific basis for restoration measures and management of swamp wetland.Future studies need to be strengthened in the following aspects:(1)Human disturbance is one of the main reasons for the differences in soil organic carbon components and carbon flux characteristics of different wetland restoration models.Under the influence of different management measures,the land use and cultivation years before returning farmland to wet land have the characteristics of high spatial and temporal variability.(2)The change of wetland ecosystem significantly reduces the carbon sequestration capacity of restored wetlands compared with natural wetlands.Therefore,under the dual influence of climate change and human activities,it is an urgent scientific issue to improve the carbon sink function while maintaining the existing carbon storage function of restored wetlands.