香榧酶法脱蒲工艺技术的初探

Before processing Torreya grandis seeds,it is necessary to remove the fleshy false seed coat.Currently,batch harvesting is costly and time-consuming in production,and there is often a phenomenon of picking large quantities of unripe green fruits.Studying the optimal process parameters for enzymatic dehulling of Torreya grandis provides technical support for the development of a new enzymatic dehulling device and the implementation of industrialized enzymatic dehulling.It is of great practical significance for improving the production efficiency of Torreya grandis.Select the uncracked'Xi Fei'green fruit and use pectinase,cellulase,and hemicellulase to treat it with incision enzyme method and dewaxing enzyme method.Determine the optimal pH,temperature,and enzyme concentration of related metabolic enzyme activity,combined with the hardness and sensory score of Torreya grandis aril,to determine the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process conditions for Torreya grandis aril;By measuring the changes in cell wall components and related degradation enzyme activities,combined with the observation of the microstructure of the aril,the changes in nutritional substances and aroma components of Torreya grandis seeds were analyzed to reveal the internal mechanism of enzymatic dehulling of Torreya grandis.The results indicate that:(1)When the penetration method is longitudinal cutting or dewaxing,the pH,temperature,concentration,and ratio of the enzyme solution are 3.9819,34.8112℃,27.7103%,VPME:VCX:Vβ-Gal=3.5:3:1 is used and the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction time is 30 minutes,the optimal dehulling effect is achieved.(2)From the microstructure observation,the resin channel collapse,cell wall collapse,cell layer separation,and surface wax floating phenomenon can be clearly observed in the enzymatic treated Torreya grandis aril.The wax decomposition phenomenon is more pronounced under 5%sucrose fatty acid ester treatment compared to 60%ethanol treatment.(3)Enzymatic treatment showed an overall increase in water-soluble pectin(WSP)and lignin compared to CK's aril,while CDTA soluble pectin(SSP),Na2CO3 soluble pectin(CSP),cellulose,4%hemicellulose,and 24%hemicellulose showed a decreasing trend;There was no significant difference in crude fat,soluble sugar,starch,and soluble protein content between enzymatic treatment and CK.(4)PCA and Venn plot analysis showed that there was no significant difference in total compound content and terpene compound content between enzymatic peeling and CK aroma components,while the differences were mainly reflected in alcohol and ketone compounds.Under enzymatic treatment,no 4-terpene alcohol substances(with pepper aroma,soil aroma,and aged wood aroma),2-octanone(with mold aroma,ketone aroma),and 2-methyl-5-cyclohexanone substances were detected.The biological composite enzyme method provides important technical support for the removal of the false seed coat of Torreya grandis,which can greatly improve the production efficiency of Torreya grandis,and is expected to achieve industrialized enzymatic dehulling technology.