关于林火对林下土壤理化性质及土壤微生物影响的研究进展综述
Revisiting the Research Progress on the Impact of Forest Fires on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Microorganisms in Understory Soils
全球每年发生森林火灾约20万次，烧毁森林面积占全球森林总面积的1％以上。中国每年约发生1万多次森林火灾，烧毁森林面积占全国森林面积的5～8％。森林火灾是森林生态系统的重要干扰因素，对土壤生物和非生物特性、生态系统养分循环和平衡产生深刻影响。因此，评估林火对森林生态系统的具体影响显得尤为重要。随着气候变化，全球森林火灾的范围、严重程度和频率都在增加，对森林生态系统产生实质性持续影响。森林火灾通过直接对土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)施加不同程度的作用，驱动森林生态系统养分元素在时空上的重新分配。林火对土壤微生物群落产生显著影响，包括微生物数量的减少、群落结构的改变以及微生物功能的调整。林火可以改变土壤含水率、pH和土壤元素含量等大部分土壤理化特性。过去几十年，人们致力于研究森林火灾对土壤的影响及管理全球森林火灾。研究集中在林火蔓延、预测、生态影响、防控技术。尽管已有进展，但研究仍需深入，以完善知识体系，为未来森林火灾管理和生态保护提供科学依据。
Approximately 200,000 forest fires occur globally each year,resulting in the burning of over 1％of the total forest area.In China alone,there are more than 10,000 forest fires annually that destroy between 5-8％of the national forest area.Forest fires represent significant disturbances to ecosystems and have profound impacts on soil biotic and abiotic characteristics,nutrient cycling,and ecosystem balance.Therefore,it is crucial to assess the specific effects of wildfires on forests.With climate change exacerbating global warming trends worldwide,the scope,scale,and frequency of global forest fires are increasing at an alarming rate,resulting in substantial and sustained impacts on forests'ecological systems.Forest fires directly affect carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)redistribution within soils to varying degrees.They also significantly influence soil microbial communities by reducing microbial abundance altering community structure,and adjusting microbial functions.Forest fires can modify most physical and chemical properties of soils such as moisture content,pH levels,and soil element concentrations.In recent decades,research has focused on studying wildfire impactson soils as well as managing global fire incidents.Research efforts have concentrated on fire spread prediction techniques,effects on ecology,and prevention/control technologies.Despite progress made so far,further research is still needed to enhance our knowledge base in order to provide scientific evidence for future management strategiesand ecological conservation measures regarding forest fires.
韩吉思;何琬琬;熊子轩;唐丽;权熙茗;洪毓伟;晏召贵;
华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;华中农业大学园艺林学学院 湖北 武汉 430000;
forest fires soil physical and chemical properties microorganisms nutrient cycling
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