不等周期长度的天然林单木枯损建模分析与方法比较
Modeling Analysis and Method Comparison for Individual Tree Mortality in Natural Forests with Irregular Interval Lengths
[目的]树木的死亡是森林生态系统动态变化中的关键组成部分,直接影响着森林的结构、组成和功能。准确理解并模拟树木死亡过程,对评估森林的可持续性及其生态服务功能至关重要。然而,树木的死亡过程复杂多样,受到多种内在和外在因素的共同影响,这使得其成为森林生态学中最难以精确预测的现象之一。尤其是在基于不均匀测量间隔的多期固定样地数据的背景下,树木死亡的预测和建模面临着诸多挑战。为了更好地理解和模拟这一现象,本研究采用了几种常见的单木枯损模型的建模策略,旨在提升单木模型的预测精度。[方法]基于中国东北地区云冷杉针叶混交林的20年的固定样地监测数据,探讨了如何在不均匀的复测周期和层次化数据结构的条件下,对单木枯损进行有效建模。研究考虑了影响枯损模型的三个要素:(1)不同的模型形式(包括常用的Logit函数和Gompit函数);(2)对不均匀测量周期的不同调整方法(包括年化法、协变量法和周期暴露法);(3)不同的数据结构(即传统的非重叠非递减数据结构与时间序列重叠的多重组合数据结构)。[结果]表明:(1)在模型形式的选择方面,Gompit函数相较于常用的Logit函数表现出更好的拟合优度,Gompit函数的累积概率分布特性更能捕捉单木枯损过程中潜在的非线性关系,从而提供更为准确的模型预测。(2)不同的周期长度调整方法中:尽管年化法在传统数据结构下能够生成明显的U型死亡率曲线,这种方法的实际预测结果并不可靠。协变量法则通过引入额外的变量来调整不同周期的影响,尽管其在某些情况下能够改善模型的拟合效果,但在应对复杂数据结构时仍显得不足。相比之下,周期暴露法(Gompit-exposure)在处理多重组合数据结构时表现出更为显著的优势,其拟合优度明显优于其他两种方法,是提高单木枯损模型建模准确性的重要策略。(3)数据结构方面:尽管多重组合数据结构在拟合优度上略有提升,但并未显著提高模型的预测能力。这一结果提示,样本量的增加虽然能够增强模型的拟合效果,但也可能导致预测结果的变异来源增多,反而不利于模型的精确预测。[结论]本研究通过比较不同的单木枯损建模策略,探讨了如何在不均匀周期长度和复杂观测数据的条件下提升模型的预测精度。研究结果显示:基于Gompit-exposure的混合效应模型是一种稳健且准确的建模方法,能够在处理具有复杂数据结构的森林样地数据时,提供更好的单木枯损模拟与预测能力。这一发现为天然林中不等周期长度的单木枯损与其他类似的生态现象的建模策略提供了理论依据。
[Objective]Tree mortality is a critical component of forest ecosystem dynamics,directly affecting forest str ucture,composition,and function.Understanding and accurately modeling tree mortality processes are essential for assessin g forest sustainability and ecological services.However,due to the complexity of factors influencing tree mortality,it rema ins one of the most challenging phenomena to predict.In the context of multi-period fixed plot data with irregular measur ement intervals,this study adopts several commonly used individual tree mortality modeling strategies to improve predictio n accuracy.[Method]Using 20 years of monitoring data from fixed plots in a mixed conifer forest in northeastern Chin a,we explored effective modeling of tree mortality under conditions of irregular measurement intervals and hierarchical dat a structures.The study examined three key factors:model form(Logit and Gompit functions),adjustment methods for inte rval length(annualization,covariate adjustment,and exposure),and data structure(traditional non-overlapping versus multi-combination data structures).[Result]The results showed that the Gompit function provides better fit than the Logit functi on by capturing potential nonlinear relationships in mortality.Among interval adjustment methods,the exposure approach(Gompit-exposure)performed best with multi-combination data,offering significantly improved model fit.In contrast,while multi-combination data structures slightly improved fit,they did not enhance predictive accuracy,indicating that increased s ample size can sometimes add prediction variance.[Conclusion]This study concludes that the Gompit-exposure mixed-effe cts model is a robust and accurate approach,offering improved simulation and predictive capability for single-tree mortalit y in complex forest plot data.This finding provides a theoretical basis for modeling irregular interval-length mortality and similar ecological phenomena in natural forests.
许芳泽;向玮;
北京林业大学 北京 10083;北京林业大学 北京 10083;
天然林 单木枯 损 周期长度 Logisti回归 Gompit 回归
Natural forest individual tree mortality interval length logistic Gompit
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