中国林下经济发展与森林生态保护协调效应及其障碍因素研究
Coordination Effect and Obstacle Factors between Non-timber Forest-based Economy Development and Forest Ecological Protection in China
林下经济作为一种有效利用森林生态系统实现农民经济收入提升同时兼顾森林生态保护的发展模式，其与森林生态系统的协调发展将关系到产业发展的可持续性和生态系统的稳定性。本文采用熵值法从产业发展水平、产业保障能力、森林资源禀赋和生态保护举措4个二级指标以及林下经济产业总产值、林业科技服务推广从业人员、人工造林面积占比和森林覆盖率等 11 个三级指标，构建林下经济发展和森林生态保护综合评价指标体系。运用耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型，测度 2012-2022年我国林下经济发展与森林生态保护耦合协调度及其时空演变特征，有效识别影响两者协调的障碍因素。结果发现:(1)林下经济发展水平处于波动上升趋势，呈现“西低东高、北低南高”空间格局，主产值区集中在东南地区。(2)森林生态保护水平基本稳定，呈现“中间低南北高”空间格局。(3)我国林下经济发展与森林生态保护长期处于高水平磨合阶段，耦合协调效应稳步增强，呈现“西北低东南高”空间格局。(4)林下经济产业总产值和人均森林蓄积量是影响两者协调发展的主要因素。因此，应提高林下经济产业经营水平，精准提升森林质量，真正实现林下经济高质量发展和森林生态高水平保护协调统一。
Non-timber forest-based economy is a development model that effectively utilizes forest ecosystem to improve farmers'economic income while taking into account forest ecological protection.The coordinated development of non-timber forest-based economy and forest ecosystem will be related to the sustainability of industrial development and the stability of ecosystem.In this paper,we use the entropy method to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system of non-timber forest-based economy development and forest ecological protection from four secondary indexes,such as industrial development level,industrial security ability,forest resource endowment and ecological protection measures,and 11 tertiary indexes,such as gross output value of non-timber forest-based economy,practitioners of forestry science and technology service promotion,proportion of planted forest area and forest coverage rate.We measure the coupling coordination degree of non-timber forest-based economy development and forest ecological protection from 2012 to 2022 and its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics by the coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model,and effectively identify the obstacle factors affecting the coordination of the system in China.Results show that:(1)The economic development level of non-timber forest-based economy was in a fluctuating upward trend,showing a spatial pattern of"low in the west,high in the east,low in the north and high in the south",and the main output value area was concentrated in the southeast region.(2)The level of forest ecological protection is basically stable,showing a spatial pattern of"low in the middle and high in the north and south".(3)Non-timber forest-based economy development and forest ecological protection have been in a high-level running-in stage for a long time in China,and the coupling coordination effect has been steadily enhanced,showing a spatial pattern of"low in the northwest and high in the southeast".(4)The total output value of the economic industry and the per capita forest stock are the main factors affecting the coordinated development of the system.Therefore,we should improve the level of economic and industrial management under the forest,accurately improve the forest quality,and truly realize the coordination and unification of high-quality development of non-timber forest-based economy and high-level protection of forest ecology.
窦亚权;陈幸良;
中国林业科学研究院 林业科技信息研究所 北京 100091;中国林业科学研究院 林业科技信息研究所 北京 100091;
林下经济系统 森林生态系统 耦合协调 障碍因素 高质量发展 高水平保护
Non-timber forest-based economy system Forest ecosystem Coupling coordination Obstacle factors High quality development High level protection
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