重瓣水栀败育生理生化特征分析

[Objective]In order to clarify the abortion phenomenon of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai,the physiological and biochemical characteristics of male and female organs of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai were studied,and the physiological causes of abortion were revealed,so as to provide scientific basis and technical support for cultivating new varieties of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai.[Method]Taking Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai as research objects,fresh Gardenia jasminoides Ellis flower buds and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai flower buds in different periods were collected,and their pollen was taken for pollination.Conventional pollination methods are self-pollination and cross-pollination of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai.Each combination pollinates 50 flowers,which is repeated for 3 times,and the fruit setting rate is counted after pollination for 15 days and 1 month respectively.Based on the self-pollination and cross-fertilization of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai,the contents of soluble sugar and protein,stigma receptivity and pollen viability in different developmental stages were studied by anthrone-sulfuric acid method,Bradford method(Coomassie brilliant blue method),MTT staining method and in vitro culture method(0.8%agar+30mg/L sucrose+15mg/L boric acid).[Result]The fruit setting rate was 0%after 30 days of pollination when Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai was used as female parent,and it was over 50%after 30 days of pollination when Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai was used as female parent.After pollination for about 15 days,26%of the fruits were swollen.By fitting the standard curve,the average soluble sugar content in the stigma of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai in different periods was 471.6 ug/mL,489.8 ug/mL,643.4 ug/mL and 829.2 ug/mL,respectively,and the average soluble sugar content in the stigma of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in different periods was 463.3 ug/mL,616.8 ug/mL,834.4 ug/mL,respectively.By fitting the standard curve,the average content of soluble protein in the stigma of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai in different periods is 0.18 ug/mL,0.30 ug/mL,0.42 ug/mL and 0.35 ug/mL,and that of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in different periods is 0.45 ug/mL,0.41 ug/mL,0.51 ug/mL and 1.05 ug,respectively.The stigma stained by MTT was observed by stereomicroscope.The results showed that there was no significant difference in stigma enlargement and stigma receptivity between Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai in different periods.The microscopic observation of pollen viability showed that the pollen germination rate showed an upward trend with the change of flower development cycle.The pollen germination rate of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai with greenish-yellow corolla was significantly higher than that of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the same period,but the pollen quantity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai was significantly lower than that of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.[Conclusion]The soluble sugar and soluble protein in the stigma of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai are significantly lower than those of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,which leads to the lack of nutrients in the stigma of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai,affects the germination of pollen tubes,and further inhibits fertilization.At the same time,it is preliminarily concluded that the low pollen activity is not the main cause of abortion of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai,but the lack of stigma nutrients and very little pollen may be one of the reasons for the low seed setting rate of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.grandiflora Nakai under natural conditions.