5年施肥对楸树人工幼林动态生长、生产力以及化学计量特征的影响
The Effects of Five-Year Fertilization on Dynamic Development,Productivity,and Stoichiometric Properties of Young Catalpa Bungei Plantations
[目的]施肥是全球森林经营的一项重要技术措施，对树木的生长和生产潜力的提高具有十分重要的作用。短期施肥对林木的生长提升作用有限，显得肥效不足，而长期施肥(例如 5年以上)后树木的动态发育状态、生产力增效情况却涉及较少。[方法]本研究以中国山东省济南市 7 年生楸树人工幼林为研究对象，采用2种施肥措施，分别为穴施(HF)和水肥一体化(WF)，另设置不施肥作为对照，探究长期施肥对人工林动态生长、生产力以及化学计量特征的影响。[结果]结果表明，施肥 1年后，林分生产力增加缓慢，随着施肥时间延长，WF极大地促进了林分生产力的提高，而HF和CK林分生产力增速相对较缓，HF林分生产力高于CK.相较于HF和CK林分，WF林分生产力分别提高了39.7%和55.1%。经过 5年的施肥，WF施肥林分蓄积达到了 112.36 m3·hm-2，林分生产力达到了41.75 m3·hm-2·a-1.施肥显著提高了楸树叶和细根中的氮含量以及粗根中的钾含量，这些元素在水肥一体化林分的相应器官中富集较多。纵观整个生长周期，叶氮、磷和钾含量以及粗根钾含量、细根磷含量被大量消耗，降低幅度分别为 30.5%、18.8%、47.3%、24.7%和 24.4%。施肥后叶氮含量的提高会促进楸树树高、胸径和单株材积的增加。当枝和粗根中钾含量富集时，胸径和单株材积也会随之增加。[结论]总之，施肥主要通过增加叶氮含量、枝和粗根钾含量来提高楸树的材积生长。从最大化地提高林分生产力的角度考虑，水肥一体化的施肥方案要优于穴施，在今后楸树施肥试验中值得优先考虑。
[Objective]In order to maximize the growth and productivity potential of trees,fertilization is a crucial technical tool in the global management of forests.Tree growth is not greatly affected by short-term fertilization,and it doesn't seem to be very effective at increasing fertilizer efficiency.On the other hand,there is less involvement in the dynamic development state and productivity improvement of trees following long-term fertilization(more than five years).[Method]The research subject for this study was a 7-year-old C.bungei plantations located in Jinan City,Shandong Province,China.In order to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on the dynamic growth,productivity,and stoichiometric characteristics of the plantations,two fertilization measures were adopted:hole fertilization(HF)and integrated water and fertilizer(WF).No fertilization was set as a control.[Result]The findings demonstrated that the stand productivity increased gradually following a year of fertilization.While the productivity growth rate of HF and CK stands was relatively slow and the productivity of HF stands was higher than that of CK,WF significantly promoted the improvement of stand productivity with increased fertilization time.The productivity of WF stands increased by 39.7%and 55.1%,respectively,in comparison to HF and CK stands.After 5 years of fertilization,the accumulation of WF-fertilized stands reached 112.36 m3·hm-2,and the stand productivity reached 41.75 m3·hm-2·a-1.Fertilization considerably raised the amounts of potassium in the coarse roots and nitrogen in the leaves and fine roots of C.bungei.The corresponding organs of the water-fertilizer integrated forest had higher concentrations of these elements.Throughout the growth cycle,the leaf nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents,as well as the coarse root potassium and fine root phosphorus contents,were consumed in substantial quantities,with declines of 30.5%,18.8%,47.3%,24.7%,and 24.4%.The increase in leaf nitrogen contents following fertilization would stimulate the growth of tree height,DBH,and single tree volume.When potassium levels in branches and coarse roots were raised,DBH and single tree volume increased.[Conclusion]Finally,fertilizer mostly increased the volume growth of C.bungei by boosting leaf nitrogen and branch and root potassium levels.In terms of optimizing stand productivity,the integrated water-fertilizer fertilization strategy outperforms hole fertilization and should be given priority in future C.bungei fertilization experiments.
关追追;张庆斌;何茜;李吉跃;张广波;乔良;马天晓;
信阳农林学院林学院 信阳 464399;信阳农林学院林学院 信阳 464399;华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院 广州 510640;华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院 广州 510640;信阳农林学院林学院 信阳 464399;信阳农林学院林学院 信阳 464399;信阳农林学院林学院 信阳 464399;
Catalpa bungei productivity integration of water and fertilizer chemometrics long-term fertilization
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